Bio 1500 Exam 1 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What makes up genetic variation? - CORRECT ANSWER - differences in alleles of genes
found within individuals; raw material for natural selection. Which species can produce more
offspring and those offspring can survive
What is evolution? - CORRECT ANSWER - change of an organism throughout time, goes
hand in hand with natural selection. But evolution shows the organism changing over time. There
is a modification within a species
What processes can lead to evolutionary changes over time? - CORRECT ANSWER -
darwin proposed natural selection as a mechanism of evolution
What was Lamarck's theory? - CORRECT ANSWER - acquired variation is passed on to
descendants
What was Darwin's theory? - CORRECT ANSWER - natural selection or genetically
based variation leads to evolutionary change
What is the difference between Lamarck's theory and Darwin's theory? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Lamarck believed traits were acquired over time whereas Darwin believed
that evolutionary changes occurred through genetic variations
What are the 5 characteristics of evolutionary change? - CORRECT ANSWER - no
mutation takes place
no genes are transferred to or from other sources
random mating is occurring
the population size is very large
no selection occurs
,What is the ultimate source of genetic variation? - CORRECT ANSWER - mutation
What is gene flow, and what is an example of it? - CORRECT ANSWER - gene flow is the
movement of alleles from one population to another
example: bee transferring pollen from one population of flowers to another
What are the two types of nonrandom mating? - CORRECT ANSWER - assortative and
disassortative
Assortative vs Disassortative - CORRECT ANSWER - Assortative mating: organisms that
are similar to themselves mate with each other
Disassortative mating: organisms that are different mate with each other
What is the most common form of nonrandom mating and why? - CORRECT ANSWER -
interbreeding; it does not alter allele frequency but reduces the proportion of heterozygotes
What is genetic drift? - CORRECT ANSWER - when there are random occurrences
happening in allele frequency that changes the organism. It is based on chance in smaller
populations
What is the bottleneck effect? - CORRECT ANSWER - Change in allele frequency due to
some kind of catastrophic effect. Loss in gene variability.
What is an example of the bottleneck effect? - CORRECT ANSWER - The Northern
Elephant Seal
Why are rare alleles particularly likely to be lost in a population bottleneck? - CORRECT
ANSWER - There's less probability of the rare allele being chosen so during the bottleneck
effect most likely it'll get lost
, What is the difference between artificial and natural? - CORRECT ANSWER - Artificial
selection involves human intervention whereas natural selection occurs naturally in response to
adapting to the environment
What's the difference between natural selection and evolution? - CORRECT ANSWER -
natural selection is a process where as evolution is the change over time as a result of natural
selection
What is fitness? - CORRECT ANSWER - individuals with one phenotype leave more
surviving offspring in the next generation than individuals with an alternative phenotype
What are the components of fitness? - CORRECT ANSWER - survival
sexual selection
number of offspring per mating
traits favored for one component may be a disadvantage for others
selection favors phenotypes with the greatest fitness
How does mutation and genetic drift counter selection? - CORRECT ANSWER - in nature
mutation rates are low enough to counter selection
What are two factors that make up gene flow? - CORRECT ANSWER - Constructive and
Constraining gene flow
What is the difference between constructive gene flow and constraining gene flow? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Constructive gene flow spreads beneficial mutation to other populations
where constraining gene flow can impede adaptation by continual flow of inferior alleles from
other populations
Land plants have multicellular ____ and ____ stages - CORRECT ANSWER - haploid and
diploid
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What makes up genetic variation? - CORRECT ANSWER - differences in alleles of genes
found within individuals; raw material for natural selection. Which species can produce more
offspring and those offspring can survive
What is evolution? - CORRECT ANSWER - change of an organism throughout time, goes
hand in hand with natural selection. But evolution shows the organism changing over time. There
is a modification within a species
What processes can lead to evolutionary changes over time? - CORRECT ANSWER -
darwin proposed natural selection as a mechanism of evolution
What was Lamarck's theory? - CORRECT ANSWER - acquired variation is passed on to
descendants
What was Darwin's theory? - CORRECT ANSWER - natural selection or genetically
based variation leads to evolutionary change
What is the difference between Lamarck's theory and Darwin's theory? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Lamarck believed traits were acquired over time whereas Darwin believed
that evolutionary changes occurred through genetic variations
What are the 5 characteristics of evolutionary change? - CORRECT ANSWER - no
mutation takes place
no genes are transferred to or from other sources
random mating is occurring
the population size is very large
no selection occurs
,What is the ultimate source of genetic variation? - CORRECT ANSWER - mutation
What is gene flow, and what is an example of it? - CORRECT ANSWER - gene flow is the
movement of alleles from one population to another
example: bee transferring pollen from one population of flowers to another
What are the two types of nonrandom mating? - CORRECT ANSWER - assortative and
disassortative
Assortative vs Disassortative - CORRECT ANSWER - Assortative mating: organisms that
are similar to themselves mate with each other
Disassortative mating: organisms that are different mate with each other
What is the most common form of nonrandom mating and why? - CORRECT ANSWER -
interbreeding; it does not alter allele frequency but reduces the proportion of heterozygotes
What is genetic drift? - CORRECT ANSWER - when there are random occurrences
happening in allele frequency that changes the organism. It is based on chance in smaller
populations
What is the bottleneck effect? - CORRECT ANSWER - Change in allele frequency due to
some kind of catastrophic effect. Loss in gene variability.
What is an example of the bottleneck effect? - CORRECT ANSWER - The Northern
Elephant Seal
Why are rare alleles particularly likely to be lost in a population bottleneck? - CORRECT
ANSWER - There's less probability of the rare allele being chosen so during the bottleneck
effect most likely it'll get lost
, What is the difference between artificial and natural? - CORRECT ANSWER - Artificial
selection involves human intervention whereas natural selection occurs naturally in response to
adapting to the environment
What's the difference between natural selection and evolution? - CORRECT ANSWER -
natural selection is a process where as evolution is the change over time as a result of natural
selection
What is fitness? - CORRECT ANSWER - individuals with one phenotype leave more
surviving offspring in the next generation than individuals with an alternative phenotype
What are the components of fitness? - CORRECT ANSWER - survival
sexual selection
number of offspring per mating
traits favored for one component may be a disadvantage for others
selection favors phenotypes with the greatest fitness
How does mutation and genetic drift counter selection? - CORRECT ANSWER - in nature
mutation rates are low enough to counter selection
What are two factors that make up gene flow? - CORRECT ANSWER - Constructive and
Constraining gene flow
What is the difference between constructive gene flow and constraining gene flow? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Constructive gene flow spreads beneficial mutation to other populations
where constraining gene flow can impede adaptation by continual flow of inferior alleles from
other populations
Land plants have multicellular ____ and ____ stages - CORRECT ANSWER - haploid and
diploid
