BIOD351
Cardiology & Nephrology
Final Test Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following medications is a calcium channel
blocker used to treat hypertension and angina?
- A. Atenolol
- B. Lisinopril
- C. Amlodipine
- D. Furosemide
ANS: C. Amlodipine
©/2025
, Rationale: Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker that
relaxes blood vessels and improves blood flow, used to treat
hypertension and angina.
2. What is the primary mechanism of action of beta-blockers in
treating heart failure?
- A. Increasing heart rate
- B. Decreasing heart rate
- C. Increasing blood pressure
- D. Decreasing blood pressure
ANS: B. Decreasing heart rate
Rationale: Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and decrease
myocardial oxygen demand, which helps in managing heart
failure.
3. Which of the following is a common side effect of ACE
inhibitors used in heart failure management?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypokalemia
- C. Hypernatremia
- D. Hyponatremia
©/2025
, ANS: A. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia by
reducing aldosterone levels, leading to increased potassium
retention.
4. What is the primary indication for the use of diuretics in heart
failure patients?
- A. Reducing cholesterol levels
- B. Relieving fluid overload
- C. Increasing blood pressure
- D. Decreasing heart rate
ANS: B. Relieving fluid overload
Rationale: Diuretics help remove excess fluid from the body,
reducing symptoms of fluid overload in heart failure patients.
5. Which of the following medications is used to reduce the risk
of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation?
- A. Aspirin
- B. Warfarin
- C. Metoprolol
©/2025
, - D. Nitroglycerin
ANS: B. Warfarin
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant used to reduce the
risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation by preventing
blood clots.
6. What is the primary mechanism of action of statins in the
management of hyperlipidemia?
- A. Increasing LDL cholesterol
- B. Decreasing HDL cholesterol
- C. Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
- D. Increasing triglycerides
ANS: C. Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
Rationale: Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme
involved in cholesterol synthesis, thereby lowering LDL
cholesterol levels.
7. Which of the following is a common side effect of statins?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Myopathy
©/2025
Cardiology & Nephrology
Final Test Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following medications is a calcium channel
blocker used to treat hypertension and angina?
- A. Atenolol
- B. Lisinopril
- C. Amlodipine
- D. Furosemide
ANS: C. Amlodipine
©/2025
, Rationale: Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker that
relaxes blood vessels and improves blood flow, used to treat
hypertension and angina.
2. What is the primary mechanism of action of beta-blockers in
treating heart failure?
- A. Increasing heart rate
- B. Decreasing heart rate
- C. Increasing blood pressure
- D. Decreasing blood pressure
ANS: B. Decreasing heart rate
Rationale: Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and decrease
myocardial oxygen demand, which helps in managing heart
failure.
3. Which of the following is a common side effect of ACE
inhibitors used in heart failure management?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypokalemia
- C. Hypernatremia
- D. Hyponatremia
©/2025
, ANS: A. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia by
reducing aldosterone levels, leading to increased potassium
retention.
4. What is the primary indication for the use of diuretics in heart
failure patients?
- A. Reducing cholesterol levels
- B. Relieving fluid overload
- C. Increasing blood pressure
- D. Decreasing heart rate
ANS: B. Relieving fluid overload
Rationale: Diuretics help remove excess fluid from the body,
reducing symptoms of fluid overload in heart failure patients.
5. Which of the following medications is used to reduce the risk
of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation?
- A. Aspirin
- B. Warfarin
- C. Metoprolol
©/2025
, - D. Nitroglycerin
ANS: B. Warfarin
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant used to reduce the
risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation by preventing
blood clots.
6. What is the primary mechanism of action of statins in the
management of hyperlipidemia?
- A. Increasing LDL cholesterol
- B. Decreasing HDL cholesterol
- C. Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
- D. Increasing triglycerides
ANS: C. Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
Rationale: Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme
involved in cholesterol synthesis, thereby lowering LDL
cholesterol levels.
7. Which of the following is a common side effect of statins?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Myopathy
©/2025
