NRSG 3100 Unit 7 questions and answers
with solutions 2025
___% of Americans will contract cancer in their lifetimes - ANSWER 38%
The most commonly diagnosed cancers are: - ANSWER Breast, lung, colon, prostate, and skin
Tumor/Neoplasm - ANSWER Swelling, abnormal enlargement, or mass
Benign - ANSWER Slow growing, localized, rarely cause death
Malignant - ANSWER Rapidly growing, invasive, and will kill the host
Metastasis - ANSWER Abnormal cells often travel to distant sites where they populate new
tumors
Angiogenesis - ANSWER Solid tumors create a new capillary network to feed themselves;
formation of new blood vessels
Primary Prevention of Cancer - ANSWER Interventions that keep cancer from developing
Secondary Prevention of Cancer - ANSWER Interventions leading to the discovery and control of
cancerous and precancerous lesions while they are small and localized
Examples of Primary Prevention - ANSWER Health counseling and education from nurse
Elimination of tobacco
Receive HPV vaccination to prevent cervical cancer
Maintain healthy diet
,Maintaining weight within the recommended levels
Decreasing excess stress
Avoiding chronic or prolong exposure to direct sunlight or wearing protective clothing or
sunscreen
Examples of Secondary Prevention - ANSWER Papanicolaou (Pap) smear annually for females
older than 18 years or who are sexually active
Colonoscopy per HCP recommendations
Mammograms per HCP recommendations
Prostate screening per HCP recommendations
Monthly breast exams for women of menstruating age and older
Regular skin self-examinations to check for abnormal lesions
Staging - ANSWER Where the cancer is located; extent of its invasion
Done to determine the extent to which cancer has invaded the body; helps determine the best
course of therapy and predict treatment outcomes.
Grading - ANSWER Looks at differentiation of the cancer cells
Cancer cells change and become less differentiated in both structure and function
May change over time as the tumor evolves
Grade 1 Description - ANSWER Small, uniform cells, tightly packed
Grade 2 Description - ANSWER Varied cell sizes and shapes, loosely packed
Grade 3 Description - ANSWER Increased cell size and shape irregularity, less distinction
between cells
, Grade 4 Description - ANSWER Large, irregular, fused cells
Grade 5 Description - ANSWER Irregular, fused cells that have invaded surrounding connective
tissue cells
Three major modalities of cancer treatment - ANSWER Surgery-local
Chemotherapy-systemic
Radiation therapy-local or systemic
Emerging field of cancer treatment - ANSWER Immunotherapy
Chemotherapy Medications - ANSWER Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Methotrexate (MTX)
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Vincristine (Oncovin)
Radiation Therapy Options - ANSWER External Beam Radiation (EBRT)
Intra-operative Radiation (Brachytherapy)
Systemic Radiation (Radioisotopes)
Biologic Response Modifiers (BRMs) Medications - ANSWER Hematopoietic Agent- Epotein Alfa
(Epogen, Procrit)
Colony Stimulating Factors- Filgrastim (Neupogen)
Platelet Enhancers- Romiplostim (Nplate)
with solutions 2025
___% of Americans will contract cancer in their lifetimes - ANSWER 38%
The most commonly diagnosed cancers are: - ANSWER Breast, lung, colon, prostate, and skin
Tumor/Neoplasm - ANSWER Swelling, abnormal enlargement, or mass
Benign - ANSWER Slow growing, localized, rarely cause death
Malignant - ANSWER Rapidly growing, invasive, and will kill the host
Metastasis - ANSWER Abnormal cells often travel to distant sites where they populate new
tumors
Angiogenesis - ANSWER Solid tumors create a new capillary network to feed themselves;
formation of new blood vessels
Primary Prevention of Cancer - ANSWER Interventions that keep cancer from developing
Secondary Prevention of Cancer - ANSWER Interventions leading to the discovery and control of
cancerous and precancerous lesions while they are small and localized
Examples of Primary Prevention - ANSWER Health counseling and education from nurse
Elimination of tobacco
Receive HPV vaccination to prevent cervical cancer
Maintain healthy diet
,Maintaining weight within the recommended levels
Decreasing excess stress
Avoiding chronic or prolong exposure to direct sunlight or wearing protective clothing or
sunscreen
Examples of Secondary Prevention - ANSWER Papanicolaou (Pap) smear annually for females
older than 18 years or who are sexually active
Colonoscopy per HCP recommendations
Mammograms per HCP recommendations
Prostate screening per HCP recommendations
Monthly breast exams for women of menstruating age and older
Regular skin self-examinations to check for abnormal lesions
Staging - ANSWER Where the cancer is located; extent of its invasion
Done to determine the extent to which cancer has invaded the body; helps determine the best
course of therapy and predict treatment outcomes.
Grading - ANSWER Looks at differentiation of the cancer cells
Cancer cells change and become less differentiated in both structure and function
May change over time as the tumor evolves
Grade 1 Description - ANSWER Small, uniform cells, tightly packed
Grade 2 Description - ANSWER Varied cell sizes and shapes, loosely packed
Grade 3 Description - ANSWER Increased cell size and shape irregularity, less distinction
between cells
, Grade 4 Description - ANSWER Large, irregular, fused cells
Grade 5 Description - ANSWER Irregular, fused cells that have invaded surrounding connective
tissue cells
Three major modalities of cancer treatment - ANSWER Surgery-local
Chemotherapy-systemic
Radiation therapy-local or systemic
Emerging field of cancer treatment - ANSWER Immunotherapy
Chemotherapy Medications - ANSWER Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Methotrexate (MTX)
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Vincristine (Oncovin)
Radiation Therapy Options - ANSWER External Beam Radiation (EBRT)
Intra-operative Radiation (Brachytherapy)
Systemic Radiation (Radioisotopes)
Biologic Response Modifiers (BRMs) Medications - ANSWER Hematopoietic Agent- Epotein Alfa
(Epogen, Procrit)
Colony Stimulating Factors- Filgrastim (Neupogen)
Platelet Enhancers- Romiplostim (Nplate)
