SCRN EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT.
How many cranial nerves are there? - ANSWER12 pairs
How many spinal nerves are there? - ANSWER31 pairs
Penumbra - ANSWERArea of ischemic brain tissue that is potentially reversible
What are the two types of hemorrhagic stroke? - ANSWERintracerebral hemorrhage
and subarachnoid hemorrhage
What are some causes of intracerebral hemorrhage? - ANSWERHTN, drug use,
cerebral amyloid angiopathy, hemorrhagic tumors
What are some causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage? - ANSWERRuptured aneurysm
(most often berry) or an AVM
What are the most common sites of a subarachnoid hemorrhage? - ANSWERPCOM,
ACOM, MCA
Risk factors for SAH? - ANSWERFemales 50-60yo, polycystic kidney disease, AVMs,
smoking/drugs/ETOH, diabetes, family hx
Signs of right hemispheric stroke - ANSWERSpatial neglect, left visual field deficits,
right gaze preference, flat affect, apraxia, left hemiplegia/hemisensory loss
Signs of left hemispheric stroke? - ANSWERAphasia, left gaze preference, right visual
field deficits, right hemiplegia/hemisensory loss
What two vessels supply the anterior circulation? - ANSWERinternal carotid arteries
What does the internal carotid artery branch into? - ANSWERAnterior and middle
cerebral arteries and the anterior choroidal artery
What two vessels supply the posterior circulation? - ANSWERVertebral arteries
Signs of carotid artery insufficiency? - ANSWERContralateral motor weakness and
sensory loss, visual changes, aphasia (left sided occlusion), neglect (right sided
occlusion)
, Signs of MCA insufficiency - ANSWERContralateral upper extremity hemiparesis
(sparing of LE), contralateral sensory loss, aphasia (left sided occlusion), left neglect
(right sided occlusion)
Signs of ACA insufficiency - ANSWERContralateral Paralysis/weakness (leg > arm) and
sensory loss, changes to frontal lobe function (confusion/personality), gait apraxia,
bladder control issues. Face and tongue spared.
Posterior cerebral circulation includes what arteries? - ANSWERVertebral arteries and
their branches including the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), as well as the
basilar artery and its beaches including the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and anterior
inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
Vertebrobasilar syndrome - ANSWERVariety of CN, cerebellar and brainstem deficits
Areas supplied by PCA - ANSWEROccipital, thalamus, midbrain, mesial temporal lobes
Signs of PCA stroke - ANSWERHomonymous hemianopsia, AMS, visual agnosia,
cortical blindness (bilateral PCA occlusion)
Areas supplied by basilar artery - ANSWERCerebellum, midbrain, pons
When this artery is occluded there is no flow to the posterior portion of the brain -
ANSWERBasilar artery
Basilar artery insufficiency caises - ANSWERDizziness/vertigo, dysmetria/ataxia,
diploplia, dysarthria, dysconjugate gaze
Where is Broca's area located? - ANSWERfrontal lobe (left in majority of population)
Characteristics of frontal lobe - ANSWEREmotion/personality, memory, initiation
judgement, motor function, motor area of speech (broca)
Characteristics of temporal lobe - ANSWERAuditory ability, long term memory,
wernickes area
Characteristics of parietal lobe - ANSWERVisual-spatial, sensory interpretation, goal
directed voluntary movement, spatial orientation
Cerebellum characteristics - ANSWERBalance and equilibrium, coordinates voluntary
movement. 10% brain volume, 50% of the neurons
Characteristics of brain stem - ANSWERBreathing, HR, autonomic nervous system
(sweating, BP, temp)
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT.
How many cranial nerves are there? - ANSWER12 pairs
How many spinal nerves are there? - ANSWER31 pairs
Penumbra - ANSWERArea of ischemic brain tissue that is potentially reversible
What are the two types of hemorrhagic stroke? - ANSWERintracerebral hemorrhage
and subarachnoid hemorrhage
What are some causes of intracerebral hemorrhage? - ANSWERHTN, drug use,
cerebral amyloid angiopathy, hemorrhagic tumors
What are some causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage? - ANSWERRuptured aneurysm
(most often berry) or an AVM
What are the most common sites of a subarachnoid hemorrhage? - ANSWERPCOM,
ACOM, MCA
Risk factors for SAH? - ANSWERFemales 50-60yo, polycystic kidney disease, AVMs,
smoking/drugs/ETOH, diabetes, family hx
Signs of right hemispheric stroke - ANSWERSpatial neglect, left visual field deficits,
right gaze preference, flat affect, apraxia, left hemiplegia/hemisensory loss
Signs of left hemispheric stroke? - ANSWERAphasia, left gaze preference, right visual
field deficits, right hemiplegia/hemisensory loss
What two vessels supply the anterior circulation? - ANSWERinternal carotid arteries
What does the internal carotid artery branch into? - ANSWERAnterior and middle
cerebral arteries and the anterior choroidal artery
What two vessels supply the posterior circulation? - ANSWERVertebral arteries
Signs of carotid artery insufficiency? - ANSWERContralateral motor weakness and
sensory loss, visual changes, aphasia (left sided occlusion), neglect (right sided
occlusion)
, Signs of MCA insufficiency - ANSWERContralateral upper extremity hemiparesis
(sparing of LE), contralateral sensory loss, aphasia (left sided occlusion), left neglect
(right sided occlusion)
Signs of ACA insufficiency - ANSWERContralateral Paralysis/weakness (leg > arm) and
sensory loss, changes to frontal lobe function (confusion/personality), gait apraxia,
bladder control issues. Face and tongue spared.
Posterior cerebral circulation includes what arteries? - ANSWERVertebral arteries and
their branches including the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), as well as the
basilar artery and its beaches including the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and anterior
inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
Vertebrobasilar syndrome - ANSWERVariety of CN, cerebellar and brainstem deficits
Areas supplied by PCA - ANSWEROccipital, thalamus, midbrain, mesial temporal lobes
Signs of PCA stroke - ANSWERHomonymous hemianopsia, AMS, visual agnosia,
cortical blindness (bilateral PCA occlusion)
Areas supplied by basilar artery - ANSWERCerebellum, midbrain, pons
When this artery is occluded there is no flow to the posterior portion of the brain -
ANSWERBasilar artery
Basilar artery insufficiency caises - ANSWERDizziness/vertigo, dysmetria/ataxia,
diploplia, dysarthria, dysconjugate gaze
Where is Broca's area located? - ANSWERfrontal lobe (left in majority of population)
Characteristics of frontal lobe - ANSWEREmotion/personality, memory, initiation
judgement, motor function, motor area of speech (broca)
Characteristics of temporal lobe - ANSWERAuditory ability, long term memory,
wernickes area
Characteristics of parietal lobe - ANSWERVisual-spatial, sensory interpretation, goal
directed voluntary movement, spatial orientation
Cerebellum characteristics - ANSWERBalance and equilibrium, coordinates voluntary
movement. 10% brain volume, 50% of the neurons
Characteristics of brain stem - ANSWERBreathing, HR, autonomic nervous system
(sweating, BP, temp)
