COMPREHENSIVE RADIOGRAPHIC
PATHOLOGY- CH. 1 EXAM TEST GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Hematoma - Answer-A swelling comprised of a mass of extravasated blood (usually
clotted) confined to an organ, tissue, or space. Caused by a break in a blood vessel
Petechiae - Answer-A minimal hemorrhage into skin, mucous membranes, or serosal
surfaces
Purpura - Answer-Hemorrhages slightly larger than petechiae
Ecchymosis - Answer-A large subcutaneous hematoma, or bruise
Atrophy - Answer-A reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ or tissue, with
corresponding decrease in function
Hypertrophy - Answer-Increase in the size of the cells of a tissue or organ in response
to a demand for increased function
Epidemiology - Answer-Study of determinants of disease events in given populations
Morbidity - Answer-Rate that an illness or abnormality occurs
Mortality - Answer-Reflects the number of deaths by disease per population
Hyperplasia - Answer-Increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ
Dysplasia - Answer-A loss of uniformity of cells and their architectural orientation
Neoplasia - Answer-A new and abnormal growth of cells that are not controlled by the
factors that control the growth of typical cells in that tissue
Oncology - Answer-The study of neoplasm or tumors
Benign - Answer-Tumors that closely resemble their cells of origin in structure and
function. They remain localized
Malignant - Answer-Neoplastic growth that invade and destroy adjacent tissues and
may spread
Metastasize - Answer-Malignant neoplasms that spread to distant sites
, Cancers - Answer-Malignant tumors
Carcinoma - Answer-Malignant neoplasm of epithelial cell origin
Anaplastic - Answer-Undifferentiated cell growth -- Without form (bizarre)
Sarcomas - Answer-Highly malignant tumors arising from connective tissues
Seeding - Answer-Spread of cancers that occurs when neoplasms invade a natural
body cavity
Lymphatic Spread - Answer-A spread relating to, or produced by lymph, lymphoid
tissue, or lymphocytes
Hematogenous Spread - Answer-Spread by the bloodstream
Grading - Answer-The assessment of aggressiveness or degree of malignancy of a
tumor
Staging - Answer-The extensiveness of a tumor at its primary site and the degree of
spread to distant sites. This is necessary to determine treatment and predict future
action of the tumor
Hereditary Diseases - Answer-Diseases that are passed from one generation to another
via DNA
Autosomes - Answer-A chromosome not involved in sex determination
Homozygous - Answer-If the genes inherited from each parent are the same for a
particular trait, the person his _____
Heterozygous - Answer-If the genes inherited from each parent differ, the person is
_____ for that trait
Dominant - Answer-Genes that always cause a trait to appear (no matter if the person is
homozygous or heterozygous) even if the other parent passes on a different
chromosome for that same trait
Recessive - Answer-A trait will only appear if the person is homozygous for the trait
(both parents pass on the non-dominant chromosome for that trait and not a dominant
chromosome. These traits may skip generations)
Mutations - Answer-Changes in genetic material that may cause permanent hereditary
changes
PATHOLOGY- CH. 1 EXAM TEST GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Hematoma - Answer-A swelling comprised of a mass of extravasated blood (usually
clotted) confined to an organ, tissue, or space. Caused by a break in a blood vessel
Petechiae - Answer-A minimal hemorrhage into skin, mucous membranes, or serosal
surfaces
Purpura - Answer-Hemorrhages slightly larger than petechiae
Ecchymosis - Answer-A large subcutaneous hematoma, or bruise
Atrophy - Answer-A reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ or tissue, with
corresponding decrease in function
Hypertrophy - Answer-Increase in the size of the cells of a tissue or organ in response
to a demand for increased function
Epidemiology - Answer-Study of determinants of disease events in given populations
Morbidity - Answer-Rate that an illness or abnormality occurs
Mortality - Answer-Reflects the number of deaths by disease per population
Hyperplasia - Answer-Increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ
Dysplasia - Answer-A loss of uniformity of cells and their architectural orientation
Neoplasia - Answer-A new and abnormal growth of cells that are not controlled by the
factors that control the growth of typical cells in that tissue
Oncology - Answer-The study of neoplasm or tumors
Benign - Answer-Tumors that closely resemble their cells of origin in structure and
function. They remain localized
Malignant - Answer-Neoplastic growth that invade and destroy adjacent tissues and
may spread
Metastasize - Answer-Malignant neoplasms that spread to distant sites
, Cancers - Answer-Malignant tumors
Carcinoma - Answer-Malignant neoplasm of epithelial cell origin
Anaplastic - Answer-Undifferentiated cell growth -- Without form (bizarre)
Sarcomas - Answer-Highly malignant tumors arising from connective tissues
Seeding - Answer-Spread of cancers that occurs when neoplasms invade a natural
body cavity
Lymphatic Spread - Answer-A spread relating to, or produced by lymph, lymphoid
tissue, or lymphocytes
Hematogenous Spread - Answer-Spread by the bloodstream
Grading - Answer-The assessment of aggressiveness or degree of malignancy of a
tumor
Staging - Answer-The extensiveness of a tumor at its primary site and the degree of
spread to distant sites. This is necessary to determine treatment and predict future
action of the tumor
Hereditary Diseases - Answer-Diseases that are passed from one generation to another
via DNA
Autosomes - Answer-A chromosome not involved in sex determination
Homozygous - Answer-If the genes inherited from each parent are the same for a
particular trait, the person his _____
Heterozygous - Answer-If the genes inherited from each parent differ, the person is
_____ for that trait
Dominant - Answer-Genes that always cause a trait to appear (no matter if the person is
homozygous or heterozygous) even if the other parent passes on a different
chromosome for that same trait
Recessive - Answer-A trait will only appear if the person is homozygous for the trait
(both parents pass on the non-dominant chromosome for that trait and not a dominant
chromosome. These traits may skip generations)
Mutations - Answer-Changes in genetic material that may cause permanent hereditary
changes
