ILLINOIS PESTICIDE APPLICATOR RIGHTS-OF-WAY
First step in weed control - Answers - identification of weed
Broadleaf weeds - Answers - netted veins
Narrowleaf weeds (grasses) - Answers - long, thin leaves with parallel veins
Areas preferred by annuals - Answers - soil is disturbed or perennial plants are
spotty/poor
Areas preferred by winter annuals - Answers - soil is disturbed in fall or left exposed
over winter
Areas preferred by biennials - Answers - areas not mowed or disturbed
Areas preferred by perennials - Answers - areas with minimal soil disturbance
Examples foxtail, crabgrass, common chickweed, henbit - Answers - annuals weeds
Examples garlic mustard, wild carrot, bull thistle, common teasel - Answers - Biennial
Weeds
Examples Johnsongrass, dandelion, Canada Thistle, honeysuckle - Answers - Perennial
Weeds
Herbaceous perennial - Answers - die in fall, but root systems overwinter
Woody perennial - Answers - persistent aboveground stems that remain each season
Monocotyledons (monocots) - Answers - parallel-veined leaves that are much longer
than they are wide; grasses or grasslike
Dicotyledons (dicots) - Answers - netted-veins that are usually less elongated than
grass; broadleaves
Vegetative characteristics used to identify grass weeds - Answers - collar region, ligule,
stem shape, nodes, presence of hair
Vegetative characteristics used to identify broadleaf weeds - Answers - cotyledons,
leaves, flowers, fruits, roots
Noxious weeds - Answers - control is required by law; common ragweed, giant
ragweed, marijuana, musk/Canada thistle
, Exotic weeds - Answers - cannot be sold/used without permit issued by govt; Japanese
honeysuckle, Chinese buckthorn, giant hogweed
Best weed control programs integrate - Answers - cultural and chemical control
methods; Integrated Weed Management
Benefits of cultural control - Answers - controls weeds indirectly, perennial grasses
prevent erosion, mulch/gravel helps keep weed pressure down
Disadvantages to biological control - Answers - weed species specific and slow to show
results
Girdling - Answers - process of cutting ring around woody plant through bark and
sapwood; interrupt sap flow
Grubbing - Answers - uprooting by pulling/digging
Herbicides - Answers - chemicals used to control,suppress, or kill plants
Factors to be considered when using chemical control - Answers - environmental risks,
weather, soil textures, proximity to water
Growth regulators - Answers - chemically slow down plants; best used steep slopes or
areas when mowing is difficult
Factors that can lessen penetration or absorption - Answers - leaf surface/cuticule
waxes
Photosynthetic inhibitors - Answers - prevent photosynthesis in plants; chlorosis/rapid
wilting; nonselective
Growth hormones - Answers - causes growth abnormalities; used on foliage; leaf
rolling/twisting of stems
Meristematic inhibitors - Answers - affect growing points of plants
Phosphono amino acid derivatives - Answers - applied to foliage because they have
very little soil activity; chlorosis; stunting and narrow upright leaves
Accase Inhibitors - Answers - foliar applied herbicides that selectively control grass;
broadlead unaffected
ALS enzyme inhibitors - Answers - absorbed through the foliage and roots and
translocated to growing areas; growth stops immediately
First step in weed control - Answers - identification of weed
Broadleaf weeds - Answers - netted veins
Narrowleaf weeds (grasses) - Answers - long, thin leaves with parallel veins
Areas preferred by annuals - Answers - soil is disturbed or perennial plants are
spotty/poor
Areas preferred by winter annuals - Answers - soil is disturbed in fall or left exposed
over winter
Areas preferred by biennials - Answers - areas not mowed or disturbed
Areas preferred by perennials - Answers - areas with minimal soil disturbance
Examples foxtail, crabgrass, common chickweed, henbit - Answers - annuals weeds
Examples garlic mustard, wild carrot, bull thistle, common teasel - Answers - Biennial
Weeds
Examples Johnsongrass, dandelion, Canada Thistle, honeysuckle - Answers - Perennial
Weeds
Herbaceous perennial - Answers - die in fall, but root systems overwinter
Woody perennial - Answers - persistent aboveground stems that remain each season
Monocotyledons (monocots) - Answers - parallel-veined leaves that are much longer
than they are wide; grasses or grasslike
Dicotyledons (dicots) - Answers - netted-veins that are usually less elongated than
grass; broadleaves
Vegetative characteristics used to identify grass weeds - Answers - collar region, ligule,
stem shape, nodes, presence of hair
Vegetative characteristics used to identify broadleaf weeds - Answers - cotyledons,
leaves, flowers, fruits, roots
Noxious weeds - Answers - control is required by law; common ragweed, giant
ragweed, marijuana, musk/Canada thistle
, Exotic weeds - Answers - cannot be sold/used without permit issued by govt; Japanese
honeysuckle, Chinese buckthorn, giant hogweed
Best weed control programs integrate - Answers - cultural and chemical control
methods; Integrated Weed Management
Benefits of cultural control - Answers - controls weeds indirectly, perennial grasses
prevent erosion, mulch/gravel helps keep weed pressure down
Disadvantages to biological control - Answers - weed species specific and slow to show
results
Girdling - Answers - process of cutting ring around woody plant through bark and
sapwood; interrupt sap flow
Grubbing - Answers - uprooting by pulling/digging
Herbicides - Answers - chemicals used to control,suppress, or kill plants
Factors to be considered when using chemical control - Answers - environmental risks,
weather, soil textures, proximity to water
Growth regulators - Answers - chemically slow down plants; best used steep slopes or
areas when mowing is difficult
Factors that can lessen penetration or absorption - Answers - leaf surface/cuticule
waxes
Photosynthetic inhibitors - Answers - prevent photosynthesis in plants; chlorosis/rapid
wilting; nonselective
Growth hormones - Answers - causes growth abnormalities; used on foliage; leaf
rolling/twisting of stems
Meristematic inhibitors - Answers - affect growing points of plants
Phosphono amino acid derivatives - Answers - applied to foliage because they have
very little soil activity; chlorosis; stunting and narrow upright leaves
Accase Inhibitors - Answers - foliar applied herbicides that selectively control grass;
broadlead unaffected
ALS enzyme inhibitors - Answers - absorbed through the foliage and roots and
translocated to growing areas; growth stops immediately
