BIO 340 Pfeifer/Varsani ASU exam 1 Questions
And Answers With Verified Solutions Graded A+
Latest Update 2025.
Gene - ANSWER A hereditary factor that influences a particular trait.
Allele - ANSWER A particular form of a gene
Genotype - ANSWER A listing of the alleles in an individual
Phenotype - ANSWER An individual's observable traits
Homozygous - ANSWER Having two of the same allele
Heterozygous - ANSWER Having two different alles
Dominant allele - ANSWER An allele that produces its phenotype in heterozygous and
homozygous form
Recessive allele - ANSWER An allele that produces its phenotype only in homozygous form
Pure line - ANSWER Individuals of the same phenotype, that when crossed, always produce
offspring with the same phenotype
Hybrid - ANSWER Offspring from crosses between homozygous parents with different
genotypes
Reciprocal cross - ANSWER A cross in which the phenotype of the male and female are reversed
compared with a previous cross
Test cross - ANSWER A cross between a homozygous recessive individual and an individual with
the dominant phenotype but an unknown genotype
X linked - ANSWER Referring to a gene located on the X chromosome
Y linked - ANSWER Referring to a gene located on the Y chromosome
Autosomal - ANSWER Referring to a gene located on any non-sex chromosome (an autosome)
or a trait determined by an autosomal gene
True breeding - ANSWER A pure line; homozygous
Mendel's law of segregation - ANSWER Alleles of genes separate when gametes are formed.
Principle of independent assortment - ANSWER Allele pairs separate independently during the
formation of gametes. This means that traits are transmitted to offspring independently
, Phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross - ANSWER 3:1
Genotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross - ANSWER 1:2:1
Phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross - ANSWER 9:3:3:1
Molecular genetics - ANSWER the study of the inheritance and variation of nucleic acids,
proteins, and genomes
Transmission genetics (Mandelian genetics) - ANSWER The study of the transmission of traits in
successive generations
Evolutionary genetics - ANSWER The study of the origins of and the genetic relationships among
organisms, and the evolution of genes and the genomes
Scientists that "rediscovered" Mendel's work - ANSWER Carl Correns, Hugo de Vries, Erich von
Tschermark
Thomas Hunt Morgan - ANSWER Studied genetics of the fruit fly
Morgan demonstrated... - ANSWER genes are carried on chromosomes and are the mechanical
basis of heredity
Chromosomes - ANSWER Long molecules of double stranded DNA and protein which contain
genes
Transformation - ANSWER Frederick Griffin discovered the process by which hereditary material
from dead bacteria can be incorporate into live bacteria
What are the four nitrogenous bases - ANSWER Adenine, Guanine, Thymine and cytosine
DNA strands are... - ANSWER Antiparallel
tRNA - ANSWER Carries amino acids to ribosomes, to be assembled into proteins
Eukaryotic genes - ANSWER Contain introns and exons that are transcribed
Translation - ANSWER The conversion of the genetic message carried by mRNA into a sequence
of amino acids
Codon - ANSWER three consecutive nucleotides on the mRNA
amino acids are specified by... - ANSWER Codons
AUG - ANSWER Start codon
Phenotype - ANSWER "the form that is shown"
Physical appearance
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Genome - ANSWER Entire DNA of an organism
The germ line - ANSWER Reproductive cells (gametes)
And Answers With Verified Solutions Graded A+
Latest Update 2025.
Gene - ANSWER A hereditary factor that influences a particular trait.
Allele - ANSWER A particular form of a gene
Genotype - ANSWER A listing of the alleles in an individual
Phenotype - ANSWER An individual's observable traits
Homozygous - ANSWER Having two of the same allele
Heterozygous - ANSWER Having two different alles
Dominant allele - ANSWER An allele that produces its phenotype in heterozygous and
homozygous form
Recessive allele - ANSWER An allele that produces its phenotype only in homozygous form
Pure line - ANSWER Individuals of the same phenotype, that when crossed, always produce
offspring with the same phenotype
Hybrid - ANSWER Offspring from crosses between homozygous parents with different
genotypes
Reciprocal cross - ANSWER A cross in which the phenotype of the male and female are reversed
compared with a previous cross
Test cross - ANSWER A cross between a homozygous recessive individual and an individual with
the dominant phenotype but an unknown genotype
X linked - ANSWER Referring to a gene located on the X chromosome
Y linked - ANSWER Referring to a gene located on the Y chromosome
Autosomal - ANSWER Referring to a gene located on any non-sex chromosome (an autosome)
or a trait determined by an autosomal gene
True breeding - ANSWER A pure line; homozygous
Mendel's law of segregation - ANSWER Alleles of genes separate when gametes are formed.
Principle of independent assortment - ANSWER Allele pairs separate independently during the
formation of gametes. This means that traits are transmitted to offspring independently
, Phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross - ANSWER 3:1
Genotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross - ANSWER 1:2:1
Phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross - ANSWER 9:3:3:1
Molecular genetics - ANSWER the study of the inheritance and variation of nucleic acids,
proteins, and genomes
Transmission genetics (Mandelian genetics) - ANSWER The study of the transmission of traits in
successive generations
Evolutionary genetics - ANSWER The study of the origins of and the genetic relationships among
organisms, and the evolution of genes and the genomes
Scientists that "rediscovered" Mendel's work - ANSWER Carl Correns, Hugo de Vries, Erich von
Tschermark
Thomas Hunt Morgan - ANSWER Studied genetics of the fruit fly
Morgan demonstrated... - ANSWER genes are carried on chromosomes and are the mechanical
basis of heredity
Chromosomes - ANSWER Long molecules of double stranded DNA and protein which contain
genes
Transformation - ANSWER Frederick Griffin discovered the process by which hereditary material
from dead bacteria can be incorporate into live bacteria
What are the four nitrogenous bases - ANSWER Adenine, Guanine, Thymine and cytosine
DNA strands are... - ANSWER Antiparallel
tRNA - ANSWER Carries amino acids to ribosomes, to be assembled into proteins
Eukaryotic genes - ANSWER Contain introns and exons that are transcribed
Translation - ANSWER The conversion of the genetic message carried by mRNA into a sequence
of amino acids
Codon - ANSWER three consecutive nucleotides on the mRNA
amino acids are specified by... - ANSWER Codons
AUG - ANSWER Start codon
Phenotype - ANSWER "the form that is shown"
Physical appearance
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Genome - ANSWER Entire DNA of an organism
The germ line - ANSWER Reproductive cells (gametes)
