TYPES OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES
(UNIT ONE) EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
What do analytical studies allow for? - ANSWER-More definitive conclusions to be
reached about causation
What are the five types of analytical studies? - ANSWER-1. Observational
2. Experimental (clinical/controlled trial)
3. Cross-sectional
4. Case-control
5. Follow-up (cohort)
What is a cross-sectional observational study? - ANSWER-- Slice in time
- Involves only the present
- Identifies outcomes and exposures
What does a cross sectional study measure? - ANSWER-Prevelance
What is a case-control study? - ANSWER-- Looks at two groups (sick and well)
- Starts with outcome
What does a case-control study look like when it goes back? - ANSWER-Goes back in
time to look for risk factors
What is a Cohort study? - ANSWER-Exposure is known
Outcome is unknown
Helps determine natural history
What does a cohort measure? - ANSWER-Incidence
What are the strengths and weaknesses to a sectional study? - ANSWER-Strengths:
Quick and easy, less expensive, measures prevalence
Limitations: cannot talk about cause and effect
What are the strengths and weaknesses to a case control? - ANSWER-Strength: good
with rare diseases/outcomes
Weakness: must clearly define your outcome, very prone to recall bias
What are the strengths and weaknesses to a cohort study? - ANSWER-Strengths: Gets
right with the temporal sequencing, gives incidence measure
(UNIT ONE) EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
What do analytical studies allow for? - ANSWER-More definitive conclusions to be
reached about causation
What are the five types of analytical studies? - ANSWER-1. Observational
2. Experimental (clinical/controlled trial)
3. Cross-sectional
4. Case-control
5. Follow-up (cohort)
What is a cross-sectional observational study? - ANSWER-- Slice in time
- Involves only the present
- Identifies outcomes and exposures
What does a cross sectional study measure? - ANSWER-Prevelance
What is a case-control study? - ANSWER-- Looks at two groups (sick and well)
- Starts with outcome
What does a case-control study look like when it goes back? - ANSWER-Goes back in
time to look for risk factors
What is a Cohort study? - ANSWER-Exposure is known
Outcome is unknown
Helps determine natural history
What does a cohort measure? - ANSWER-Incidence
What are the strengths and weaknesses to a sectional study? - ANSWER-Strengths:
Quick and easy, less expensive, measures prevalence
Limitations: cannot talk about cause and effect
What are the strengths and weaknesses to a case control? - ANSWER-Strength: good
with rare diseases/outcomes
Weakness: must clearly define your outcome, very prone to recall bias
What are the strengths and weaknesses to a cohort study? - ANSWER-Strengths: Gets
right with the temporal sequencing, gives incidence measure
