NURS 1027 Obesity and Bariatric Surgery Exam With
Complete Solutions!!
Obesity
-A complex chronic condition characterised by the accumulation of excess body fat,
leading to adverse health effects
-Defined by a BMI of 30 or higher
Increasing evidence that obesity is not a problem resulting from a lack of willpower and
self-control but, instead, is a pervasive, progressive, and serious chronic condition that
is strongly associated with a variety of comorbid conditions and has a major effect on
the physical, mental, social, cultural, and economic health of those affected
Physical manifestations of obesity
-Increased BMI
-Enlarged waist circumference
-Body fat distribution (android vs. gynoid obesity)
- Abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells
>Primarily in visceral and subcutaneous tissues
Metabolic manifestations of obesity
-Insulin resistance
-Dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides, decreased HDL)
-Hypertension
,Psychosocial manifestations of obesity
-Depression and anxiety
-Negative body image, low self-esteem
Classifications of body weight and obesity
-primary or secondary
-BMI
-waist circumference
-waist to hip ratio
Primary and secondary obesity
Primary:
>majority of obese individuals
>Excess caloric intake for the body's metabolic demands
Secondary:
>Results from various congenital anomalies, chromosomal anomalies, metabolic
problems, or CNS lesions and disorders
Body mass index (BMI)
-A measure of body fat based on height and weight used to categorize individuals as
underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese
-wt in kg/(ht in m)2
-Obese= BMI 30-40 kg/m2
-Morbidly obese= BMI >40 kg/ m2
Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR
Waist/hip = WHR
, >0.8 is optimal
Body shapes
Android obesity
>apple-shaped body
Gynoid obesity
>pear-shaped body
Genetics play an important role in determining body fat distribution patterns.
Epidemiology of Obesity
- About 1 in 4 Canadian adults are obese
-About 30% of Canadian children are overweight or obese
Etiology of obesity
Genetic Factors
>Family Hx of obesity
>Genetic mutations affecting metabolism
Environmental Factors
>Sedentary lifestyle, energy intake > energy output
>High-calorie, low-nutrient diet.
>Socioeconomic factors influencing access to healthy food
Psychosocial Factors
>Emotional triggers leading to overeating (stress, depression)
Complete Solutions!!
Obesity
-A complex chronic condition characterised by the accumulation of excess body fat,
leading to adverse health effects
-Defined by a BMI of 30 or higher
Increasing evidence that obesity is not a problem resulting from a lack of willpower and
self-control but, instead, is a pervasive, progressive, and serious chronic condition that
is strongly associated with a variety of comorbid conditions and has a major effect on
the physical, mental, social, cultural, and economic health of those affected
Physical manifestations of obesity
-Increased BMI
-Enlarged waist circumference
-Body fat distribution (android vs. gynoid obesity)
- Abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells
>Primarily in visceral and subcutaneous tissues
Metabolic manifestations of obesity
-Insulin resistance
-Dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides, decreased HDL)
-Hypertension
,Psychosocial manifestations of obesity
-Depression and anxiety
-Negative body image, low self-esteem
Classifications of body weight and obesity
-primary or secondary
-BMI
-waist circumference
-waist to hip ratio
Primary and secondary obesity
Primary:
>majority of obese individuals
>Excess caloric intake for the body's metabolic demands
Secondary:
>Results from various congenital anomalies, chromosomal anomalies, metabolic
problems, or CNS lesions and disorders
Body mass index (BMI)
-A measure of body fat based on height and weight used to categorize individuals as
underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese
-wt in kg/(ht in m)2
-Obese= BMI 30-40 kg/m2
-Morbidly obese= BMI >40 kg/ m2
Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR
Waist/hip = WHR
, >0.8 is optimal
Body shapes
Android obesity
>apple-shaped body
Gynoid obesity
>pear-shaped body
Genetics play an important role in determining body fat distribution patterns.
Epidemiology of Obesity
- About 1 in 4 Canadian adults are obese
-About 30% of Canadian children are overweight or obese
Etiology of obesity
Genetic Factors
>Family Hx of obesity
>Genetic mutations affecting metabolism
Environmental Factors
>Sedentary lifestyle, energy intake > energy output
>High-calorie, low-nutrient diet.
>Socioeconomic factors influencing access to healthy food
Psychosocial Factors
>Emotional triggers leading to overeating (stress, depression)
