Test Bank for Applied Statistics II: Multivariable and Multivariate Techniques 3rd Edition By Rebecca M. Warner

TEST BANK Applied Statistics II 3rd Edition cc cc cc cc cc cc




Chapter 1: The New Statistics cc cc cc cc




Multiple Choice cc




1. A variable that is statistically controlled in an analysis is a(n)
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a. an independent variable
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b. a dependent variable
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c. a covariate
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d. a manipulated
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variableAns: C
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Cognitive Domain: Knowledge cc cc



Answer Location: 1.1: Required cc cc cc



BackgroundDifficulty Level: Easy
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2. In past years, many investigators have failed to report
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a. the effect size cc cc



b. the sample sizes cc cc



c. descriptive statistics cc



d. obtained p cc



valuesAns: A
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Cognitive Domain: Knowledge cc cc



Answer Location: 1.2: What is the “New
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Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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3. A primary concern of investigators has been, and often still is, obtaining a p value of
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. c



a. .10
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b. .05
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c. .01
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d. .000
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Ans: B cc



Cognitive Domain: Knowledge cc cc



Answer Location: 1.2: What Is the “New
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Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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4. A major change advocated by New Statistics is
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a. reduced emphasis on effect size cc cc cc cc



b. focus on the results of single studies
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c. not reporting confidence intervals
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d. understanding the limitations of significance cc cc cc cc



testsAns: D
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,Cognitive Domain: Knowledge cc cc



Answer Location: 1.2: What is the “New
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Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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5. A primary change proposed by advocates of New Statistics involves
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summarizingeffect sizes from a number of studies using
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a. Bayesian statistics cc



b. meta-analysis
c. multivariate analysis cc



d. descriptive
statisticsAns: B
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Cognitive Domain: Knowledge cc cc



Answer Location: 1.2: What Is the “New
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Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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6. An emphasis of New Statistics is
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a. using increasingly precise p values
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b. developing new methods of statistical analysis cc cc cc cc cc



c. reducing emphasis on confidence interval interpretation
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d. adopting a more critical perspective when considering
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significanceAns: D
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Cognitive Domain: Knowledge cc cc



Answer Location: 1.2: What Is the “New
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Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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7. Which of the following types of information is provided to investigators by NHST?
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a. whether the hypothesis of the study has been proven
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b. the probability that the research hypothesis is true
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c. the probability of obtaining results about the H0 based on one sample
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d. the exact probability of obtaining the same results on
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replicationAns: C
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Cognitive Domain: Analysis cc cc



Answer Location: 1.3: Common Misinterpretations of p
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ValuesDifficulty Level: Hard
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8. When reading an article that reports the results of multiple statistical tests,
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readersshould remember that multiple tests.
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a. provide inaccurate information about the risks of Type I errors
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b. provide inaccurate information about the risks of Type II errors
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c. enhance understanding of cause and effect relationships
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d. provide reliable information about the size and importance of
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effectsAns: A
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Cognitive Domain: Application cc cc



Answer Location: 1.3: Common Misinterpretations of p
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ValuesDifficulty Level: Medium
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,9. An advocate of New Statistics would object to a research report that included
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astatement like the
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a. results of our study are consistent with a recent meta-analysis
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b. significant results should be interpreted cautiously due to the large sample size
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c. results of our study approached statistical significance
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d. results of our study provide support for our initial
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hypothesisAns: C
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Cognitive Domain: Application cc cc



Answer Location: 1.3: Common Misinterpretations of p
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ValuesDifficulty Level: Medium
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10. If a statistical analysis yields p = .03, a research report can include a statement like
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a. the results of our study are likely to be replicated
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b. the evidence is consistent with the hypothesis of our study
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c. there is a 97% chance that the null hypothesis of our study is false
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d. the results of our study cannot be explained by
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chanceAns: B
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Cognitive Domain: Application cc cc



Answer Location: 1.3: Common Misinterpretations of p
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ValuesDifficulty Level: Medium
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11. An advocate of New Statistics would support a p value reported as
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.a. p = .0000
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b. p < .01
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c. p < .05
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d. p = .025
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Ans: D cc



Cognitive Domain: Knowledge cc cc



Answer Location: 1.4: Problems with NHSTcc cc cc cc cc



LogicDifficulty Level: Easy
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12. A problem with NHST logic is that it
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a. eliminates the need to think in terms of double negatives cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc



b. encourages investigators to describe study results in terms of uncertainty cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc



c. cannot tell investigators what they want to know cc cc cc cc cc cc cc



d. is used consistently and correctly in the majority of
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studiesAns: C
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Cognitive Domain: Comprehension cc cc



Answer Location: 1.4: Problems with NHSTcc cc cc cc cc



LogicDifficulty Level: Medium
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13. An important assumption underlying the use of an independent samples t test
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orone-way ANOVA is that
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a. the grouping variables are normally distributed in the population
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, b. the variances of the groups on the dependent variable are equal
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c. all participants respondents responded to both the pretest and the posttest
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d. all scores in each group lie within one standard deviation of the
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meanAns: B
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Cognitive Domain: Comprehension cc cc



Answer Location: 1.5.1: Violations of
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AssumptionsDifficulty Level: Medium
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14. An important assumption underlying the use of Pearson r is that
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a. the relationship between the two variables is linear
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b. the variances of the X and Y scores are equal
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c. all participants respondents responded to both the pretest and the posttest
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d. all scores in each variable lie within one standard deviation of the variable
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meanAns: A
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Cognitive Domain: Comprehension cc cc



Answer Location: 1.5.1: Violations of
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AssumptionsDifficulty Level: Medium
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15. A frequent violation of the rules for using NHST is
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a. performing only one significance test cc cc cc cc



b. selecting random samples from the population of interest
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c. selecting the statistical test after data collection
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d. selecting the criterion p value before analyzing the
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dataAns: C
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Cognitive Domain: Analysis cc cc



Answer Location: 1.5.2: Violations of Rules for Use of
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NHSTDifficulty Level: Hard
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16. If scores on an attitude scale can range from 0 to 60 with most scores lying
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between20 and 45, scores of 7 and 57 could be
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a. likelihood errors cc



b. probability errors cc



c. extraneous variables cc



d. outliers c



Ans: D
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Cognitive Domain: Analysis cc cc



Answer Location: 1.5.2: Violations of Rules for Use of
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NHSTDifficulty Level: Hard
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17. Another term describing the process of testing the reproducibility of research
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resultsby repeating studies in different settings with different participants is .
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a. replication.
b. generalization
c. normalization
d. refutation c



Ans: A
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