NURS 5333 Family 1 Geriatrics delirium
and GI Study Guide + Questions with
Accurate Solutions
What IS acute diarrhea???
patients are going to complain about acute diarrhea and this is considered three
or more loose stools within 24 hours and lasting no longer than two weeks
steps to tak in a physical exam are palpation:
nausea and vomiting that proceeds to diarrhea and they may have abdominal cramps.
They may also exhibit guarding when you palpate the abdomen as well.
steps to tak in a physical exam are : Hydration status
level of dehydration that the patient has. Moderate to severe dehydration is a red flag.
These patients will exhibit poor skin turgor, dry mucus membranes, flattened or
sunken fontanels, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, altered mental status,
headache, oliguria, lethargy and pale skin color.
level of dehydration in infants and children.
It's divided into measurement of the anterior fontanel, the eyes, skin appearance, skin
turgor, pulse rate, urine output and physical signs. With mild symptoms, everything is
going to appear mostly normal. Severe symptoms, you're going to see the anterior
fontanel markedly sunken, the eyes will be markedly sunken, skin will be cool and
mottled, tenting will be present, the pulse will be fast and weak, there will be little or
no urine output and the patient may be lethargic. Moderate symptoms: the anterior
fontanel would be sunken but not as markedly sunken as with severe. The eyes are also
,sunken. Skin will be cool but not mottled. The skin turgor will be reduced but tenting is
not yet present. Pulse will be fast but not weak at this point. Urine output is going to be
markedly reduced and the patient may be listless
Salmonella
this has an onset of 12 to 36 hours. The patient is going to have nausea, vomiting,
cramps, fever and bloody stools. This is caused from undercooked poultry,
contaminated eggs, red meats and contaminated pets such as turtles. So history is
very important
Shigella dysentery
the onset is usually two to four days. These patients have abdominal pain or cramps,
fever, watery diarrhea, it may be bloody. They'll have tenesmus and there'll be white
blood cells in the stool. This is transferred fecal-oral route or it can be transferred via
homosexual transmission. This is reportable and it is the major cause of pediatric
morbidity and mortality. This has to have a definitive diagnosis with a stool culture
E. coli O157:H7
Toxin-producing strain of E. coli
First seen in 1982; causes bloody diarrhea
Leading cause of diarrhea worldwide
onset is 10 hours to six days. The patient will have mild cramps, no fever, watery
diarrhea. The severe cases may be potentially fatal, hemorrhagic colitis with thrombotic
thrombocytopenic purpura or hemolytic uremic syndrome. This is the causative agent
of traveler's diarrhea and it is contracted through contaminated food, water,
unpasteurized milk, fruit and vegetable juices.
, Camphylobacter jejuni
Onset is one to seven days. The patient has a quick onset of abdominal pain and loose
stools, nausea and vomiting and occasionally a bloody stool. More severe cases the
patients have high fevers, dizziness and delirium. Causative agent is undercooked poultry,
unpasteurized milk and contaminated water. A stool culture is needed to confirm
diagnosis. Complications can be Guillain-Barré syndrome and reactive arthritis
Staphylococcus aureus
onset is 30 minutes to six hours. The patient will have nausea, vomiting, cramps and
soft stool. This occurs usually two to eight hours after eating. It's caused from creamy
foods and processed meats and undercooked poultry
Giardia
onset is one to four weeks. The patient has foul smelling stools, abdominal pain and
flatulence. This is spread by fecal-oral route and contaminated water is also a
common source.
Clostridium difficile
this is usually seen in hospitalized patients that have had antibiotics or they've been
on PPIs and they're usually older than the age of 65. These patients have fever,
and GI Study Guide + Questions with
Accurate Solutions
What IS acute diarrhea???
patients are going to complain about acute diarrhea and this is considered three
or more loose stools within 24 hours and lasting no longer than two weeks
steps to tak in a physical exam are palpation:
nausea and vomiting that proceeds to diarrhea and they may have abdominal cramps.
They may also exhibit guarding when you palpate the abdomen as well.
steps to tak in a physical exam are : Hydration status
level of dehydration that the patient has. Moderate to severe dehydration is a red flag.
These patients will exhibit poor skin turgor, dry mucus membranes, flattened or
sunken fontanels, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, altered mental status,
headache, oliguria, lethargy and pale skin color.
level of dehydration in infants and children.
It's divided into measurement of the anterior fontanel, the eyes, skin appearance, skin
turgor, pulse rate, urine output and physical signs. With mild symptoms, everything is
going to appear mostly normal. Severe symptoms, you're going to see the anterior
fontanel markedly sunken, the eyes will be markedly sunken, skin will be cool and
mottled, tenting will be present, the pulse will be fast and weak, there will be little or
no urine output and the patient may be lethargic. Moderate symptoms: the anterior
fontanel would be sunken but not as markedly sunken as with severe. The eyes are also
,sunken. Skin will be cool but not mottled. The skin turgor will be reduced but tenting is
not yet present. Pulse will be fast but not weak at this point. Urine output is going to be
markedly reduced and the patient may be listless
Salmonella
this has an onset of 12 to 36 hours. The patient is going to have nausea, vomiting,
cramps, fever and bloody stools. This is caused from undercooked poultry,
contaminated eggs, red meats and contaminated pets such as turtles. So history is
very important
Shigella dysentery
the onset is usually two to four days. These patients have abdominal pain or cramps,
fever, watery diarrhea, it may be bloody. They'll have tenesmus and there'll be white
blood cells in the stool. This is transferred fecal-oral route or it can be transferred via
homosexual transmission. This is reportable and it is the major cause of pediatric
morbidity and mortality. This has to have a definitive diagnosis with a stool culture
E. coli O157:H7
Toxin-producing strain of E. coli
First seen in 1982; causes bloody diarrhea
Leading cause of diarrhea worldwide
onset is 10 hours to six days. The patient will have mild cramps, no fever, watery
diarrhea. The severe cases may be potentially fatal, hemorrhagic colitis with thrombotic
thrombocytopenic purpura or hemolytic uremic syndrome. This is the causative agent
of traveler's diarrhea and it is contracted through contaminated food, water,
unpasteurized milk, fruit and vegetable juices.
, Camphylobacter jejuni
Onset is one to seven days. The patient has a quick onset of abdominal pain and loose
stools, nausea and vomiting and occasionally a bloody stool. More severe cases the
patients have high fevers, dizziness and delirium. Causative agent is undercooked poultry,
unpasteurized milk and contaminated water. A stool culture is needed to confirm
diagnosis. Complications can be Guillain-Barré syndrome and reactive arthritis
Staphylococcus aureus
onset is 30 minutes to six hours. The patient will have nausea, vomiting, cramps and
soft stool. This occurs usually two to eight hours after eating. It's caused from creamy
foods and processed meats and undercooked poultry
Giardia
onset is one to four weeks. The patient has foul smelling stools, abdominal pain and
flatulence. This is spread by fecal-oral route and contaminated water is also a
common source.
Clostridium difficile
this is usually seen in hospitalized patients that have had antibiotics or they've been
on PPIs and they're usually older than the age of 65. These patients have fever,
