VM 575 (Hepatology) EXAM 2 STUDY REVISION QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS.
1. when normal therapeutic anthelminthic resistance
dose of a drug is no longer
fully effective and the fecal
egg count reduction is <95%
2. What are some factors that pasture, rotation, stocking, nutrition, genetics, warm, moist,
can modulate the develop- testing, mechanisms
ment of anthelminthic resis-
tance?
Control and management:
mowing, pasture ,
rates
Adequate
Host
, climate
Treatment: and deworm-
ing, use of two or more
anthelminthics with different
3. Resistance = change in allele
frequency within a popula-
tion of parasites caused by
drug selection, where more
drug is required to exert its ef-
fect than was necessary pri-
or to selection
, VM 575 (Hepatology) EXAM 2 STUDY REVISION QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS.
4. Anthelminthic drug resis- genetically
tance is determined
5. Reduced drug sensitivity due stage, sexes, geographical, host, species
to resistance must be distin-
guished from drug sensitivity
variation due to:
Different of parasite life
cycle
Different
variants of a species
Same parasite in different
animal
Different of the parasite
6. Anthelmintic resistance in beef, dairy
cattle is becoming a world-
wide problem - potentially
costly in the US and
industries.
7. 3 major anthelminthic fami- macrocytic lactones, benzimidazoles, imidazole
lies in the US:
8. Risk factors for anthelminth- same, subtherapeutic, injectable, dosing, activity
ic resistance:
Frequent use of drug
, VM 575 (Hepatology) EXAM 2 STUDY REVISION QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS.
drug levels enhance sur-
vivability of resistant worms
Low and variable
blood-serum levels from
macrocytic lactone pour-ons
as compared to formula-
tions
Improper
Persistent of a drug
9. Possible method against an- refugia
thelminthic resistance by in-
fecting animals with para-
sites that are susceptible
to anthelminthics to combat
the problem
10. 70% of the blood flow to the portal vein, 40-50%
liver comes from the ,
but it only has about -
of the O2
11. Which region of the lobule in centrilobular (zone 3)
the liver is more affected by
hypoxia?
12. Which region of the liver peri-portal (zone 1)
is more susceptible to toxic
damage?
, VM 575 (Hepatology) EXAM 2 STUDY REVISION QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS.
13. What make up the hepatic hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct
portal triad?
14. What are examples of leak- ALT, AST, ID/SDH
age enzymes in the liver?
15. The presence of increased hepatocytes
leakage enzymes in the circu-
lating blood indicates dam-
age to the
16. What are examples of ALP, GGT
cholestatic enzymes?
17. Cholestatic enzymes are also damage
indicators of
18. Liver specific enzyme, cy- ALT
tosolic
If persistently elevated it
warrants liver evaluation
Longer half-life in dogs
19. More sensitive liver enzyme, AST
less specific (in the muscles
and RBCs)
Increases not specific to liver
injury
20. cats
ANSWERS.
1. when normal therapeutic anthelminthic resistance
dose of a drug is no longer
fully effective and the fecal
egg count reduction is <95%
2. What are some factors that pasture, rotation, stocking, nutrition, genetics, warm, moist,
can modulate the develop- testing, mechanisms
ment of anthelminthic resis-
tance?
Control and management:
mowing, pasture ,
rates
Adequate
Host
, climate
Treatment: and deworm-
ing, use of two or more
anthelminthics with different
3. Resistance = change in allele
frequency within a popula-
tion of parasites caused by
drug selection, where more
drug is required to exert its ef-
fect than was necessary pri-
or to selection
, VM 575 (Hepatology) EXAM 2 STUDY REVISION QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS.
4. Anthelminthic drug resis- genetically
tance is determined
5. Reduced drug sensitivity due stage, sexes, geographical, host, species
to resistance must be distin-
guished from drug sensitivity
variation due to:
Different of parasite life
cycle
Different
variants of a species
Same parasite in different
animal
Different of the parasite
6. Anthelmintic resistance in beef, dairy
cattle is becoming a world-
wide problem - potentially
costly in the US and
industries.
7. 3 major anthelminthic fami- macrocytic lactones, benzimidazoles, imidazole
lies in the US:
8. Risk factors for anthelminth- same, subtherapeutic, injectable, dosing, activity
ic resistance:
Frequent use of drug
, VM 575 (Hepatology) EXAM 2 STUDY REVISION QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS.
drug levels enhance sur-
vivability of resistant worms
Low and variable
blood-serum levels from
macrocytic lactone pour-ons
as compared to formula-
tions
Improper
Persistent of a drug
9. Possible method against an- refugia
thelminthic resistance by in-
fecting animals with para-
sites that are susceptible
to anthelminthics to combat
the problem
10. 70% of the blood flow to the portal vein, 40-50%
liver comes from the ,
but it only has about -
of the O2
11. Which region of the lobule in centrilobular (zone 3)
the liver is more affected by
hypoxia?
12. Which region of the liver peri-portal (zone 1)
is more susceptible to toxic
damage?
, VM 575 (Hepatology) EXAM 2 STUDY REVISION QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS.
13. What make up the hepatic hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct
portal triad?
14. What are examples of leak- ALT, AST, ID/SDH
age enzymes in the liver?
15. The presence of increased hepatocytes
leakage enzymes in the circu-
lating blood indicates dam-
age to the
16. What are examples of ALP, GGT
cholestatic enzymes?
17. Cholestatic enzymes are also damage
indicators of
18. Liver specific enzyme, cy- ALT
tosolic
If persistently elevated it
warrants liver evaluation
Longer half-life in dogs
19. More sensitive liver enzyme, AST
less specific (in the muscles
and RBCs)
Increases not specific to liver
injury
20. cats
