PERSONALITY ASSESMENT EXAM 2025 GRADED A (100%
CORRECT ANSWERS) MUST PASS
Learning-Based Approaches: Two Simple Ideas - •Stimuli that occur close together in time will come
to elicit the same response.
•Behaviours followed by pleasant outcomes tend to be repeated; behaviours followed by unpleasant
outcomes tend to be dropped.
*Stimuli that occur close together in time will come to elicit the same response; for example, air
puffs and a bell ringing will both elicit blinking.*
Learning - the change of behaviour as a result or function of experience.
- explain personality in terms of the learning process
- implies everyone should behave the same in the same environment or situation
Behaviourism Definition - study of how a person's behaviour is a direct result of his environment,
particularly the rewards and punishments that the environment contains
Components of Behaviourism - - people should be studied from the outside
- personality is the sum of everything a person does
- Belief that the causes of behaviour can be directly observed
- Goal: functional analysis
- Everything a person does and is, is learned though experience
Behaviourism: People should be studied from the outside - All knowledge worth having comes from
direct, public observation; introspection is not valid because it cannot be verified; environment is
what's important.
Behaviourism: Personality is the sum of everything a person does - does not include anything that
cannot be directly observed (traits, unconscious conflicts, etc.); internal processes are not seen as
important
Behaviourism: Belief that the causes of behaviour can be directly observed - because the causes are
in the environment (rewards and punishments in the physical and social world)
, Functional analysis definition - determining how behavior is a function of one's environment
Habituation - a decrease in responsiveness with each repeated exposure to something.
- Simplest form of behavior change
- it can have important consequences
The impact of major life events lessens over time
Important Consequences of Habituation - Become numb to violence displayed in the media:
exposure is related to more aggression and less empath
Effects of habitation on happiness or sadness overtime? - (and there is evidence that this decreases
helping behavior), winning the lottery (winners are not happier in the long run), and being paralyzed
(people are not less happy in the long run).
Classical Conditioning - the kind of learning in which an unconditioned response that is naturally
elicited by one stimulus becomes elicited also by a new, conditioned stimulus
How classical conditioning works - - Pavolv's dog
- Learning that one stimulus is a warning or signal for another
- Stimulus-response (S-R) conception of personality:
Classical conditioning affects normally involuntary processes - insulin release, speed of heartbeat,
nausea, opponent processes that lessen the effects of drugs, and so on.
Learned Helplessness - belief that nothing one does really matters; occurs when events seem to
happen randomly and cannot be predicted; produces anxiety and depression
Stimulus-response (S-R) conception of personality - Personality is our learned repertoire of S-R
associations; people are unique because they have different learning histories.
Operant Conditioning Definition - the process of learning in which an organism's behavior is shaped
by the effect of the behavior on the environment
CORRECT ANSWERS) MUST PASS
Learning-Based Approaches: Two Simple Ideas - •Stimuli that occur close together in time will come
to elicit the same response.
•Behaviours followed by pleasant outcomes tend to be repeated; behaviours followed by unpleasant
outcomes tend to be dropped.
*Stimuli that occur close together in time will come to elicit the same response; for example, air
puffs and a bell ringing will both elicit blinking.*
Learning - the change of behaviour as a result or function of experience.
- explain personality in terms of the learning process
- implies everyone should behave the same in the same environment or situation
Behaviourism Definition - study of how a person's behaviour is a direct result of his environment,
particularly the rewards and punishments that the environment contains
Components of Behaviourism - - people should be studied from the outside
- personality is the sum of everything a person does
- Belief that the causes of behaviour can be directly observed
- Goal: functional analysis
- Everything a person does and is, is learned though experience
Behaviourism: People should be studied from the outside - All knowledge worth having comes from
direct, public observation; introspection is not valid because it cannot be verified; environment is
what's important.
Behaviourism: Personality is the sum of everything a person does - does not include anything that
cannot be directly observed (traits, unconscious conflicts, etc.); internal processes are not seen as
important
Behaviourism: Belief that the causes of behaviour can be directly observed - because the causes are
in the environment (rewards and punishments in the physical and social world)
, Functional analysis definition - determining how behavior is a function of one's environment
Habituation - a decrease in responsiveness with each repeated exposure to something.
- Simplest form of behavior change
- it can have important consequences
The impact of major life events lessens over time
Important Consequences of Habituation - Become numb to violence displayed in the media:
exposure is related to more aggression and less empath
Effects of habitation on happiness or sadness overtime? - (and there is evidence that this decreases
helping behavior), winning the lottery (winners are not happier in the long run), and being paralyzed
(people are not less happy in the long run).
Classical Conditioning - the kind of learning in which an unconditioned response that is naturally
elicited by one stimulus becomes elicited also by a new, conditioned stimulus
How classical conditioning works - - Pavolv's dog
- Learning that one stimulus is a warning or signal for another
- Stimulus-response (S-R) conception of personality:
Classical conditioning affects normally involuntary processes - insulin release, speed of heartbeat,
nausea, opponent processes that lessen the effects of drugs, and so on.
Learned Helplessness - belief that nothing one does really matters; occurs when events seem to
happen randomly and cannot be predicted; produces anxiety and depression
Stimulus-response (S-R) conception of personality - Personality is our learned repertoire of S-R
associations; people are unique because they have different learning histories.
Operant Conditioning Definition - the process of learning in which an organism's behavior is shaped
by the effect of the behavior on the environment
