Cell Structure and Division Summary

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Topic 2A- Cell Structure and
Division
Created @February 10, 2025 8:27 PM

Class Cells to Systems

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes

Prokaryotic cells are single celled organisms

Smaller and simpler like bacteria

Eukaryotic cells are complex and includes animal and plants cells

Both cell types contain organelles



Plant Cell

Contains similar organelles as animal cells

Has cellulose cell wall for substance exchange with surrounding cells

Contains vacuole which has cell sap

Also chloroplasts



Algal Cells

Very similar to plant cells

Has the same organelles



Fungal Cells



Topic 2A- Cell Structure and Division 1

, Similar contents to plant cells

Cell walls are made of chitin instead of cellulose

No chloroplasts




Different Organelles

Cell- Surface Membrane

Found on animal cells and inside cell wall

Made of lipids and proteins

Regulates movement of substances in/out of cell

Contains receptor molecules allowing to respond to chemicals

Nucleus

Big organelle surrounded by nuclear envelope

Contains chromosomes made from nucleolus

Controls cell activities

Has DNA which contains instructions for protein synthesis

Mitochondrion

Has double membrane

Inner membrane is folded to form Cristae structures

Contents contain enzymes for respiration

Area of aerobic respiration for ATP production

High in numbers

Chloroplast

Found in plants and algae

Double membrane

Has membrane known as Thylakoid membranes which form grana



Topic 2A- Cell Structure and Division 2