Assignment 1 Semester 1 2025
Detailed Solutions, References & Explanations
Unique number: 253465
Due Date: 24 March 2025
QUESTION 1
The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020/21 significantly disrupted economic activities worldwide, with
governments imposing strict lockdowns to control the spread of the virus. These restrictions
had profound implications on the flow of materials within the economy, particularly affecting
production, consumption, and waste generation. The materials balance principle, which
explains the flow of raw materials from the environment through production and consumption
before returning as residuals, was altered significantly during this period.
The attached diagram represents the altered flow of materials within the economic system
during the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the reduction in industrial waste and consumer
residuals, as well as the increase in specific waste categories such as packaging and medical
supplies. The temporary relief to the environment is evident in reduced pollution levels, but the
risk of long-term environmental consequences remains if proper measures are not taken.
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