Juvenile Delinquency Exam #2 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Micro Level Theories - CORRECT ANSWER - - focus on characteristics of the individual
- critiqued because people often believe they can be too general and they don't consider the
unique experiences of youth
Normative Theories - CORRECT ANSWER - standard norm; we all agree on what
delinquency is
Classical School - CORRECT ANSWER - - came out of the Enlightenment questioning
how punishment effects behavior
- looked at everyone as autonomous actors making their own decisions
Who were the leading figures of the classical school? - CORRECT ANSWER - Cesare
Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham
General Deterrence - CORRECT ANSWER - everyone else is less likely to do what the
accused did, after witnessing the punishment they went through
Specific Deterrence - CORRECT ANSWER - as a result of punishment, the accused is
specifically deterred after receiving their sentence
What are the components of deterrence? - CORRECT ANSWER - Certainty, swiftness,
and severity
Rational Choice Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - focuses on people that weigh their costs
and benefits
- a classical school theory assuming offenders act deliberately
, Routine Activities Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - - each of us encounter instances where
crime might be more easily committed
- there must be the presence of a motivated offender, a suitable target, and a lack of a
guardian/supervision
Who is more likely to commit a crime according to RAT? - CORRECT ANSWER - Boys
Classical School Impact - CORRECT ANSWER - - Deterrence is highly ineffective when
compared to other methods
- Doesn't take into account why juveniles commit crime
- Falls short because it doesn't discuss what happens after punishment
Shock Deterrence - CORRECT ANSWER - when juveniles are thrown into an
environment that shocks them to their core; shakes up everyday life and serves to give them a
wakeup call
- ex. shock incarceration, scared straight programs
Positivist School - CORRECT ANSWER - - Looks at factors other than free will and
assumes that people are easily susceptible to what's going on around them
- First to use the scientific method
- Focuses on the offender rather than the offense; criminal but not the crime
- Divided into three categories: sociological, psychological, and biological
Cesare Lombroso - CORRECT ANSWER - A positivist theorist and the father of modern
criminology
- believes people are not rational beings and some have more free will than others
- highly influential in looking at how biology impacts our behavior
- idea that a criminal is not as evolved and is more similar to a subhuman species
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Micro Level Theories - CORRECT ANSWER - - focus on characteristics of the individual
- critiqued because people often believe they can be too general and they don't consider the
unique experiences of youth
Normative Theories - CORRECT ANSWER - standard norm; we all agree on what
delinquency is
Classical School - CORRECT ANSWER - - came out of the Enlightenment questioning
how punishment effects behavior
- looked at everyone as autonomous actors making their own decisions
Who were the leading figures of the classical school? - CORRECT ANSWER - Cesare
Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham
General Deterrence - CORRECT ANSWER - everyone else is less likely to do what the
accused did, after witnessing the punishment they went through
Specific Deterrence - CORRECT ANSWER - as a result of punishment, the accused is
specifically deterred after receiving their sentence
What are the components of deterrence? - CORRECT ANSWER - Certainty, swiftness,
and severity
Rational Choice Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - focuses on people that weigh their costs
and benefits
- a classical school theory assuming offenders act deliberately
, Routine Activities Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - - each of us encounter instances where
crime might be more easily committed
- there must be the presence of a motivated offender, a suitable target, and a lack of a
guardian/supervision
Who is more likely to commit a crime according to RAT? - CORRECT ANSWER - Boys
Classical School Impact - CORRECT ANSWER - - Deterrence is highly ineffective when
compared to other methods
- Doesn't take into account why juveniles commit crime
- Falls short because it doesn't discuss what happens after punishment
Shock Deterrence - CORRECT ANSWER - when juveniles are thrown into an
environment that shocks them to their core; shakes up everyday life and serves to give them a
wakeup call
- ex. shock incarceration, scared straight programs
Positivist School - CORRECT ANSWER - - Looks at factors other than free will and
assumes that people are easily susceptible to what's going on around them
- First to use the scientific method
- Focuses on the offender rather than the offense; criminal but not the crime
- Divided into three categories: sociological, psychological, and biological
Cesare Lombroso - CORRECT ANSWER - A positivist theorist and the father of modern
criminology
- believes people are not rational beings and some have more free will than others
- highly influential in looking at how biology impacts our behavior
- idea that a criminal is not as evolved and is more similar to a subhuman species
