1. Which of the following best describes the concept of reliability in
research?
A. The extent to which a research instrument measures what it is
supposed to measure.
B. The ability to reproduce the same results under similar conditions.
C. The ability to apply findings to a broader population.
D. The generalizability of the results to real-world situations.
Answer: b) The ability to reproduce the same results under similar
conditions.
Rationale: Reliability refers to the consistency of a research instrument
or experiment across repeated trials or tests.
2. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
A. A hypothesis is a general principle, while a theory is a testable
proposition.
B. A hypothesis is specific and testable, while a theory is a broad
explanation.
C. A hypothesis and a theory are essentially the same.
D. A hypothesis is always based on experimental data, while a theory is
not.
Answer: b) A hypothesis is specific and testable, while a theory is a
broad explanation.
,Rationale: A hypothesis is a testable statement or prediction, while a
theory is a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural
world, based on a body of evidence.
3. Which of the following research designs is best for studying the
development of a disease over a long period?
A. Cross-sectional study.
B. Experimental study.
C. Case-control study.
D. Longitudinal study.
Answer: d) Longitudinal study.
Rationale: Longitudinal studies track the same individuals over time,
making them ideal for studying the development of diseases and
changes in conditions.
4. A research study has internal validity when:
A. The study's results can be generalized to other settings.
B. The study accurately measures the variables it aims to measure.
C. The study includes a large sample size.
D. The research methods are ethical and well-designed.
Answer: b) The study accurately measures the variables it aims to
measure.
, Rationale: Internal validity means that the study effectively measures
what it intends to measure, ensuring that the results are valid for the
specific study context.
5. What is the primary advantage of using a longitudinal study design?
A. It is cheaper and faster than other designs.
B. It provides information about the relationships between variables at
a single point in time.
C. It allows for the study of changes over time within the same
participants.
D. It eliminates all potential confounding variables.
Answer: c) It allows for the study of changes over time within the same
participants.
Rationale: Longitudinal studies track changes over time, making them
useful for understanding trends and causal relationships.
6. Which of the following data collection methods is best suited for
gathering in-depth insights into a person's thoughts or experiences?
A. Structured survey with closed-ended questions.
B. Observation of behavior in a natural setting.
C. In-depth interviews.
D. Secondary data analysis.
Answer: c) In-depth interviews.
research?
A. The extent to which a research instrument measures what it is
supposed to measure.
B. The ability to reproduce the same results under similar conditions.
C. The ability to apply findings to a broader population.
D. The generalizability of the results to real-world situations.
Answer: b) The ability to reproduce the same results under similar
conditions.
Rationale: Reliability refers to the consistency of a research instrument
or experiment across repeated trials or tests.
2. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
A. A hypothesis is a general principle, while a theory is a testable
proposition.
B. A hypothesis is specific and testable, while a theory is a broad
explanation.
C. A hypothesis and a theory are essentially the same.
D. A hypothesis is always based on experimental data, while a theory is
not.
Answer: b) A hypothesis is specific and testable, while a theory is a
broad explanation.
,Rationale: A hypothesis is a testable statement or prediction, while a
theory is a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural
world, based on a body of evidence.
3. Which of the following research designs is best for studying the
development of a disease over a long period?
A. Cross-sectional study.
B. Experimental study.
C. Case-control study.
D. Longitudinal study.
Answer: d) Longitudinal study.
Rationale: Longitudinal studies track the same individuals over time,
making them ideal for studying the development of diseases and
changes in conditions.
4. A research study has internal validity when:
A. The study's results can be generalized to other settings.
B. The study accurately measures the variables it aims to measure.
C. The study includes a large sample size.
D. The research methods are ethical and well-designed.
Answer: b) The study accurately measures the variables it aims to
measure.
, Rationale: Internal validity means that the study effectively measures
what it intends to measure, ensuring that the results are valid for the
specific study context.
5. What is the primary advantage of using a longitudinal study design?
A. It is cheaper and faster than other designs.
B. It provides information about the relationships between variables at
a single point in time.
C. It allows for the study of changes over time within the same
participants.
D. It eliminates all potential confounding variables.
Answer: c) It allows for the study of changes over time within the same
participants.
Rationale: Longitudinal studies track changes over time, making them
useful for understanding trends and causal relationships.
6. Which of the following data collection methods is best suited for
gathering in-depth insights into a person's thoughts or experiences?
A. Structured survey with closed-ended questions.
B. Observation of behavior in a natural setting.
C. In-depth interviews.
D. Secondary data analysis.
Answer: c) In-depth interviews.
