BIOD 171 Final Exam Study
Guide Questions and Answers
2025
True/False. A virus is considered a microorganism. - Ans ✅✅-False, Viruses are not
living and as such are not considered microorganisms. Viruses can, however, be
classified as microbes, a more general term that includes microorganisms and viruses.
What is the smallest biological unit of life? - Ans ✅✅-A cell
What are the four main types of macromolecules found in cells? - Ans ✅✅-Proteins,
Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates
Proteins are formed from various combinations of - Ans ✅✅-Amino acids
There are how many known forms of amino acids - Ans ✅✅-twenty
How many amino acids are classified as being essential amino acids? - Ans ✅✅-Nine
Where can the two major types of nucleic acids be found in the cell? - Ans ✅✅-DNA,
RNA. Found in the nucleus.
What is the role of RNA? - Ans ✅✅-RNA , found in the nucleus is capable of leaving
the nucleus. RNA is repsponsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and
uses it to synthesize proteins.
What is the role of DNA? - Ans ✅✅-DNA, found in the nucleus contains vast amount
of hereditary inforamtion, responible for inhereitable characteristic os living organisms.
Complete the following RNA strand, and indicate how many bonds are formed for each
complementary pair:
3' GGUCAUCG 5'5' CC AGC 3' - Ans ✅✅-3' GGUCAUCG 5'5' CCAGUAGC 3'There
are 2 bonds formed between A and U, and 3 bonds between G and C.
The plasma membrane - Ans ✅✅-Restricts movement of materials in and out of the
cell & Prevents essential nutrients from escaping
How many carbon atoms are present in glucose? - Ans ✅✅-6
True of False: The genetic material within a prokaryotic cell is contained within a
membrane-enclosed region. - Ans ✅✅-False
, Only eukaryotic cells contain its genetic material within a nucleus.
True or False: Prokaryotic cells can be subdivided into Bacteria and Archaea. - Ans
✅✅-True
True or False: Archaea is noted for its ability to survive under harsh conditions.
Correct! - Ans ✅✅-True
Archaea can often be found in harsh conditions such as high salt levels, high acid
conditions, high temperatures and even oxygen-poor conditions.
Which of the following microorganisms are considered to be Eukarya? Select all that
apply. - Ans ✅✅-Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista
Microorganisms classified as Plantae obtain most of their energy by converting
[answer1] energy into [answer2] energy. - Ans ✅✅-1. Light (sunlight)
2. chemical (sugars)
Which of the following are considered Protista? Select all that apply. - Ans ✅✅-Algae,
Amoeba
The function of the ribosome is - Ans ✅✅-Protein synthesis
True or False: Protista retain a unicellular classification, as they are unable to form
tissue layers. - Ans ✅✅-True
Where are ribosomes located? - Ans ✅✅-cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells and in the ER
of eukaryotic cells.
The combination of the cell membrane and the outer membrane is referred to as the -
Ans ✅✅-Cell envelope
The function of the mitochondria is - Ans ✅✅-To produce energy (ATP)
True or False. All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are autotropic. -
Ans ✅✅-False
True or False: Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living
organisms in order to maintain life. - Ans ✅✅-True
True or False: Enzymes slow down chemical reactions to conserve energy. - Ans
✅✅-False
What is a cofactor? - Ans ✅✅-A cofactor is a small chemical component that assists
an enzyme during the catalysis reactions. A cofactor is usually metal ions.
Guide Questions and Answers
2025
True/False. A virus is considered a microorganism. - Ans ✅✅-False, Viruses are not
living and as such are not considered microorganisms. Viruses can, however, be
classified as microbes, a more general term that includes microorganisms and viruses.
What is the smallest biological unit of life? - Ans ✅✅-A cell
What are the four main types of macromolecules found in cells? - Ans ✅✅-Proteins,
Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates
Proteins are formed from various combinations of - Ans ✅✅-Amino acids
There are how many known forms of amino acids - Ans ✅✅-twenty
How many amino acids are classified as being essential amino acids? - Ans ✅✅-Nine
Where can the two major types of nucleic acids be found in the cell? - Ans ✅✅-DNA,
RNA. Found in the nucleus.
What is the role of RNA? - Ans ✅✅-RNA , found in the nucleus is capable of leaving
the nucleus. RNA is repsponsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and
uses it to synthesize proteins.
What is the role of DNA? - Ans ✅✅-DNA, found in the nucleus contains vast amount
of hereditary inforamtion, responible for inhereitable characteristic os living organisms.
Complete the following RNA strand, and indicate how many bonds are formed for each
complementary pair:
3' GGUCAUCG 5'5' CC AGC 3' - Ans ✅✅-3' GGUCAUCG 5'5' CCAGUAGC 3'There
are 2 bonds formed between A and U, and 3 bonds between G and C.
The plasma membrane - Ans ✅✅-Restricts movement of materials in and out of the
cell & Prevents essential nutrients from escaping
How many carbon atoms are present in glucose? - Ans ✅✅-6
True of False: The genetic material within a prokaryotic cell is contained within a
membrane-enclosed region. - Ans ✅✅-False
, Only eukaryotic cells contain its genetic material within a nucleus.
True or False: Prokaryotic cells can be subdivided into Bacteria and Archaea. - Ans
✅✅-True
True or False: Archaea is noted for its ability to survive under harsh conditions.
Correct! - Ans ✅✅-True
Archaea can often be found in harsh conditions such as high salt levels, high acid
conditions, high temperatures and even oxygen-poor conditions.
Which of the following microorganisms are considered to be Eukarya? Select all that
apply. - Ans ✅✅-Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista
Microorganisms classified as Plantae obtain most of their energy by converting
[answer1] energy into [answer2] energy. - Ans ✅✅-1. Light (sunlight)
2. chemical (sugars)
Which of the following are considered Protista? Select all that apply. - Ans ✅✅-Algae,
Amoeba
The function of the ribosome is - Ans ✅✅-Protein synthesis
True or False: Protista retain a unicellular classification, as they are unable to form
tissue layers. - Ans ✅✅-True
Where are ribosomes located? - Ans ✅✅-cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells and in the ER
of eukaryotic cells.
The combination of the cell membrane and the outer membrane is referred to as the -
Ans ✅✅-Cell envelope
The function of the mitochondria is - Ans ✅✅-To produce energy (ATP)
True or False. All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are autotropic. -
Ans ✅✅-False
True or False: Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living
organisms in order to maintain life. - Ans ✅✅-True
True or False: Enzymes slow down chemical reactions to conserve energy. - Ans
✅✅-False
What is a cofactor? - Ans ✅✅-A cofactor is a small chemical component that assists
an enzyme during the catalysis reactions. A cofactor is usually metal ions.
