NR 565 FINAL EXAM ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
(ACTUAL 2025/2026) EXAM 220 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+ CHAMBERLAIN
MOA Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors -
<<<Answers>>>Enhance the activity of incretins (by
inhibiting their breakdown by DPP-4) and thereby increase
insulin release, reduce glucagon release, and decrease hepatic
glucose production
sitagliptin (Januvia)
Saxagliptin(onglyza)
Linagliptin (Tradjenta)
Alogliptin(Nesina)
MOA Sulfonylureas - <<<Answers>>>Promote insulin
secretion by the pancreas; may also increase tissue response to
insulin
Glyburide
Glipizide
Glimepiride
MOA Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors -
<<<Answers>>>Increase glucose excretion via the urine by
,inhibiting SGLT-2 in the kidney tubules, decreasing glucose
levels and inducing weight loss by caloric loss through the
urine
canagliflozin (Invokana)
dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
empagliflozin (Jardiance)
Metoclopramide concerns - <<<Answers>>>Long-term high-
dose therapy can cause irreversible tardive dyskinesia,
characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements of the
arms, legs, and facial muscles.
Patient teaching for metronidazole - <<<Answers>>>Do not
take with alcohol
Passive Immunity - <<<Answers>>>The immunity that
occurs naturally. This type of immunity is passed on when an
antibody is produced in another host.
e.g. immunity is passed on from a mother to her infant or by
artificial administration of antibody-containing formulations.
Active Immunity - <<<Answers>>>When the immune system
produces antibodies in response to an antigen by the vaccine,
or by the infection itself.
, e.g. if a person who has never had hepatitis B contracts
hepatitis B and recovers from it, that person becomes immune
to hepatitis B because of the immune system's antibody
response to the hepatitis B virus.
herd immunity - <<<Answers>>>the resistance to an
infectious organism because a large group of people is
immune to the infectious organism through
immunization/vaccine. Herd or Community immunity is
contingent on the likelihood individuals are prone to the
infection will encounter the infected person.
e.g most of the people in the community are immune to an
infectious disease, which means everyone does not need
immunity to prevent the spread of the infection.
vaccine - <<<Answers>>>is a preparation containing whole
or fractionated microorganisms. Administration causes the
recipient's immune system to manufacture antibodies directed
against the microbe.
DTaP contraindications - <<<Answers>>>if a prior
vaccination with DTaP produced (1) an immediate
anaphylactic reaction or (2) encephalopathy within 7 days of
vaccination.
(ACTUAL 2025/2026) EXAM 220 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+ CHAMBERLAIN
MOA Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors -
<<<Answers>>>Enhance the activity of incretins (by
inhibiting their breakdown by DPP-4) and thereby increase
insulin release, reduce glucagon release, and decrease hepatic
glucose production
sitagliptin (Januvia)
Saxagliptin(onglyza)
Linagliptin (Tradjenta)
Alogliptin(Nesina)
MOA Sulfonylureas - <<<Answers>>>Promote insulin
secretion by the pancreas; may also increase tissue response to
insulin
Glyburide
Glipizide
Glimepiride
MOA Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors -
<<<Answers>>>Increase glucose excretion via the urine by
,inhibiting SGLT-2 in the kidney tubules, decreasing glucose
levels and inducing weight loss by caloric loss through the
urine
canagliflozin (Invokana)
dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
empagliflozin (Jardiance)
Metoclopramide concerns - <<<Answers>>>Long-term high-
dose therapy can cause irreversible tardive dyskinesia,
characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements of the
arms, legs, and facial muscles.
Patient teaching for metronidazole - <<<Answers>>>Do not
take with alcohol
Passive Immunity - <<<Answers>>>The immunity that
occurs naturally. This type of immunity is passed on when an
antibody is produced in another host.
e.g. immunity is passed on from a mother to her infant or by
artificial administration of antibody-containing formulations.
Active Immunity - <<<Answers>>>When the immune system
produces antibodies in response to an antigen by the vaccine,
or by the infection itself.
, e.g. if a person who has never had hepatitis B contracts
hepatitis B and recovers from it, that person becomes immune
to hepatitis B because of the immune system's antibody
response to the hepatitis B virus.
herd immunity - <<<Answers>>>the resistance to an
infectious organism because a large group of people is
immune to the infectious organism through
immunization/vaccine. Herd or Community immunity is
contingent on the likelihood individuals are prone to the
infection will encounter the infected person.
e.g most of the people in the community are immune to an
infectious disease, which means everyone does not need
immunity to prevent the spread of the infection.
vaccine - <<<Answers>>>is a preparation containing whole
or fractionated microorganisms. Administration causes the
recipient's immune system to manufacture antibodies directed
against the microbe.
DTaP contraindications - <<<Answers>>>if a prior
vaccination with DTaP produced (1) an immediate
anaphylactic reaction or (2) encephalopathy within 7 days of
vaccination.
