ANSC 107 Exam 3 Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025 Already Passed
Genotype - Answers animal's blueprint; can be expressed as economically important traits
Phenotype - Answers what is actually seen; physical trait visible
Chromosome - Answers large molecule containing DNA; made of genes
Gene - Answers segment of Chromosome composed of DNA
DNA - Answers two strands of sugar phosphate backbone with bridges of nitrogen bases
Key principle of Breeding - Answers transmission of traits from parent to offspring
Nucleotide - Answers sugar, phosphate, and one of the 4 nitrogen bases
Inheritance - Answers passing of traits; ex. cow-calf show pairing
Alleles - Answers alternate forms of a gene that affect the same trait
AA/aa - Answers homozygous
Aa - Answers heterozygous
Gametes - Answers reproductive cells; carry half of parent's genetic code, a single allele
RR - Answers homozygous dominant
Rr - Answers heterozygous dominant
rr - Answers homozygous recessive
Codominance - Answers both alleles are expressed; ex. Roan shorthorn cattle
Incomplete dominance - Answers intermediate; ex. grey calf from black and white cattle parents
Sex influenced - Answers phenotype expressed differently between sexes; ex. horns dominant and
polled is recessive in male sheep (opposite in females)
Sex limited - Answers traits unique to one sex; both carry the gene but only one expresses it; ex. female
milk production
Sex linked - Answers genes found only on X or Y chromosome; most are X linked, Y linked only occur in
males
Selection - Answers determining which individuals reproduce
Natural selection - Answers suitability and opportunity
Artificial selection - Answers suitability and management
, Qualitative - Answers grouped; visible and typically controlled by genes
Quantitative - Answers numerically measured; typically controlled by many genes and additive in nature
Heritability (h^2) - Answers impact of additive genes
Selection differential - Answers mean advantage of parents over mean value of population
High heritability - Answers 0.4-0.6; ex. carcass merit traits
Moderate heritability - Answers 0.2-0.4; ex. growth traits
Low heritability - Answers 0-0.2; ex. reproductive traits
Inbreeding - Answers mating closely related individuals; common with companion animals
Cons of inbreeding - Answers decreases vigor and production and increases expression of detrimental
recessive genes (overo lethal white foal syndrome)
Linebreeding - Answers form of inbreeding that uses repeated crossings to ancestors
Outbreeding - Answers mating less closely related animals than the general population
Crossbreeding - Answers use complementary traits of different breeds
Application of genetic info - Answers begins with data collection
goals of program - Answers to influence info used to make mating system decisions
Breeding value - Answers estimated value of an individual as a parent
EPD - Answers expected progeny difference; half of breeding value
Every EPD should have associated ________________ - Answers accuracy value
Producers work on ways to ________________ - Answers reduce animal stress
Healthy - Answers free of disease
Clinical signs - Answers outward appearance or symptoms that is not normal
Pathology - Answers study of essential nature
Etiology - Answers the cause of disease or the study of the cause of the disease
Requirements of infectious disease - Answers organism able to enter body, able to adapt to host
environment and reproduce, able to exit body, complete cycle by attacking another host
Goal of animal producers - Answers enhance resistance to environmental or man-mad pathogens
Genotype - Answers animal's blueprint; can be expressed as economically important traits
Phenotype - Answers what is actually seen; physical trait visible
Chromosome - Answers large molecule containing DNA; made of genes
Gene - Answers segment of Chromosome composed of DNA
DNA - Answers two strands of sugar phosphate backbone with bridges of nitrogen bases
Key principle of Breeding - Answers transmission of traits from parent to offspring
Nucleotide - Answers sugar, phosphate, and one of the 4 nitrogen bases
Inheritance - Answers passing of traits; ex. cow-calf show pairing
Alleles - Answers alternate forms of a gene that affect the same trait
AA/aa - Answers homozygous
Aa - Answers heterozygous
Gametes - Answers reproductive cells; carry half of parent's genetic code, a single allele
RR - Answers homozygous dominant
Rr - Answers heterozygous dominant
rr - Answers homozygous recessive
Codominance - Answers both alleles are expressed; ex. Roan shorthorn cattle
Incomplete dominance - Answers intermediate; ex. grey calf from black and white cattle parents
Sex influenced - Answers phenotype expressed differently between sexes; ex. horns dominant and
polled is recessive in male sheep (opposite in females)
Sex limited - Answers traits unique to one sex; both carry the gene but only one expresses it; ex. female
milk production
Sex linked - Answers genes found only on X or Y chromosome; most are X linked, Y linked only occur in
males
Selection - Answers determining which individuals reproduce
Natural selection - Answers suitability and opportunity
Artificial selection - Answers suitability and management
, Qualitative - Answers grouped; visible and typically controlled by genes
Quantitative - Answers numerically measured; typically controlled by many genes and additive in nature
Heritability (h^2) - Answers impact of additive genes
Selection differential - Answers mean advantage of parents over mean value of population
High heritability - Answers 0.4-0.6; ex. carcass merit traits
Moderate heritability - Answers 0.2-0.4; ex. growth traits
Low heritability - Answers 0-0.2; ex. reproductive traits
Inbreeding - Answers mating closely related individuals; common with companion animals
Cons of inbreeding - Answers decreases vigor and production and increases expression of detrimental
recessive genes (overo lethal white foal syndrome)
Linebreeding - Answers form of inbreeding that uses repeated crossings to ancestors
Outbreeding - Answers mating less closely related animals than the general population
Crossbreeding - Answers use complementary traits of different breeds
Application of genetic info - Answers begins with data collection
goals of program - Answers to influence info used to make mating system decisions
Breeding value - Answers estimated value of an individual as a parent
EPD - Answers expected progeny difference; half of breeding value
Every EPD should have associated ________________ - Answers accuracy value
Producers work on ways to ________________ - Answers reduce animal stress
Healthy - Answers free of disease
Clinical signs - Answers outward appearance or symptoms that is not normal
Pathology - Answers study of essential nature
Etiology - Answers the cause of disease or the study of the cause of the disease
Requirements of infectious disease - Answers organism able to enter body, able to adapt to host
environment and reproduce, able to exit body, complete cycle by attacking another host
Goal of animal producers - Answers enhance resistance to environmental or man-mad pathogens
