Mental Health Nursing
biologically based mental illness - ANSWERS-A mental disorder caused by
neurotransmitter dysfunction, abnormal brain srtructure, inherited genetic factors, or
other biological causes. Also called psychobiological disorder
culture-related syndromes - ANSWERS-These are more influenced by culture alone
and are not seen in all areas of the world.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) - ANSWERS-The DSM is
the manual that classifies mental disorders and is considered the "bible" for mental
health workers (e.g. psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, psychologists, and others who
plan care for people experiencing mental distress/dysfunction)
epidemiology - ANSWERS-The quantitative study of the distribution of disorders in a
human population
mental disorders - ANSWERS-A medical disease that is categorized in the DSM
mental health - ANSWERS-successful performance of mental functions, resulting in the
ability to engage in productive activities, enjoy fulfilling relationships, and adapt to
change and cope with adversity.
mental illness - ANSWERS-A medical condition that affects a person's thinking, feeling,
mood, ability to relate to others, and daily functioning. Can be seen as the result of a
chain of events that include flawed biological, psychosocial, social, and cultural
processes.
myths and misconceptions - ANSWERS-Incorrect thinking about someone's mental
health
prevalence rate - ANSWERS-The proportion of a population with a mental disorder at a
given time.
psychiatry's definition of normal mental health - ANSWERS-changes over time and
reflects changes in cultural norms, society's expectations and values, professional
biases, individual differences, and even the political climate of the time.
psychobiological disorder - ANSWERS-A mental disorder caused by neurotransmitter
dysfunction, abnormal brain srtructure, inherited genetic factors, or other biological
causes. Also called biologically based mental illness
resiliency - ANSWERS-The ability to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune and
change. Resiliency is closely related to the process of adapting
stigma/stigmatizing - ANSWERS-Stigma ia an attribute that is deeply discrediting where
a person is reducedfrom a whole unusual personto a tainted, discounted one.
Stigmatizing comes from stereotyping, labeling, separating, status, loss, and
discrimination in a context of power imbalance all leading to stigmatization
OBJECTIVE 1 - Assess mental health using the seven signs of mental health identified
in this chapter. - ANSWERS-Happiness
Control of Behavior
Appraisal of Reality
Effective
in Work
Healthy Self Concept
Satisfying Relationships
Effective Coping
,OBJECTIVE 2 - Summarize factors that can affect the mental health of an individual
and the ways that these factors influence conducting a holistic nursing assessment. -
ANSWERS-- Available support systems:
----friends
----family
----community
- Spirituality, religious influences
- family influences
- developmental events
- personality traits and states
- demographic and geographic locations
- Negative influences
----psychosocial stressors
----poverty
----impaired/inadequate parenting
- cultural/subcultural beliefs and values
- heath parctices and beliefs
- hormonal influences
- biological influences
- inherited factors
- environmental experiences
OBJECTIVE 3 - Discuss some dynamic factors (including social climate, politics,
cultural beliefs, myths, and biases) that contribute to making a clear-cut definition of
mental health elusive. - ANSWERS-- Mental illness is plagued by myths and
misconceptions.
- No consistent line exists between mental illness and mental health.
- Psychiatry's definition of mental health changes and reflects:
----Changes in cultural norms and society's expectations
----Values and professional biases
----Individual differences and political climate
----Psychology of women
----Issues of homosexuality
- All people:
----Have different backgrounds cultures.
----Grow intellectually and emotionally at different rates.
----Make different decisions at different times.
----Choose to or choose not to evaluate their behaviors.
----Grow within themselves.
----Have or have no spiritual beliefs
OBJECTIVE 4 - Identify the processes leading up to stigmatizing and some of the
effects stigma can have on the medical and psychologic well-being of an individual,
group, and/or culture. - ANSWERS-- Stigma has been acknowledged to be a major
barrier to mental health treatment and recovery over the last 13 to14 years.
- Stigmatizing attitudes toward individuals who are mentally ill have harmful effects on
the individual and family.
- Stigma is a "collection" of:
, ----Negative attitudes, beliefs, thoughts, and behaviors that influence the individual and
general public.
- Psychosocial processes that lead to stigmatization include:
----Stereotyping, labeling, separating, and status loss or discrimination in a context of
power imbalance, social isolation, and reduced opportunities.
OBJECTIVE 5- Demonstrate how the Diagnostic Statistic Manual (DSM) multiaxial
system can influence a clinician to consider a broad range of information before making
a DSM diagnosis. - ANSWERS--In the DSM, each of the mental disorders is
conceptualized as a clinically significant behavioral syndrome or pattern that occurs in
an individual and is associated with present distress (e.g., painful symptom) or disability
(i.e., impairment in one or more important areas of functioning) or with a significantly
increased risk of suffering death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom .
NOTE: It is important to stress that a DSM diagnosis classifies a disorder that a person
has and not the person. For this reason, the text of the DSM avoids the use of
expressions such as a schizophrenic or an alcoholic and instead uses the more
accurate expression, an individual with schizophrenia or an individual with alcohol
dependence.
OBJECTIVE 6- Compare and contrast a DSM diagnosis with a nursing diagnosis. -
ANSWERS-- DSM focuses on research and clinical observation when constructing
diagnostic categories of a mental disorder.
- DSM is considered the "bible" for mental health workers (e.g., psychiatrists, psychiatric
nurses, psychologists
-North American Nursing Diagnoses Association (NANDA) International describes a
nursing diagnosis as a clinical judgment about responses to health problems.
-Psychiatric-mental health nursing includes the diagnosis and treatment responses to
mental health problems.
OBJECTIVE 7- Give examples of how the consideration of norms and other cultural
influences can affect making an accurate DSM diagnosis. - ANSWERS-- The DSM is
used to diagnose a psychiatric disorder.
- The DSM includes information specifically related to culture in three areas:
----Discusses cultural variations for each clinical disorder.
----Describes culture-bound syndromes.
----Outline assists clinicians in evaluating and reporting the impact of an individual's
cultural context.
True or False. Mental illness is defined in relation to the culture, time in history, political
system, and group in which it occurs. - ANSWERS-TRUE
What is Axis V of the DSM multiaxial system? - ANSWERS-It describes a person's level
of functioning.
Q: Why is it important for a nurse to be aware of the multiple factors that can influence
an individual's mental health? - ANSWERS-The nurse diagnoses and treats human
responses, which are influenced by many factors.
Q: Factors that affect a person's mental health are:? - ANSWERS-- support systems
- developmental events
- cultural beliefs
biologically based mental illness - ANSWERS-A mental disorder caused by
neurotransmitter dysfunction, abnormal brain srtructure, inherited genetic factors, or
other biological causes. Also called psychobiological disorder
culture-related syndromes - ANSWERS-These are more influenced by culture alone
and are not seen in all areas of the world.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) - ANSWERS-The DSM is
the manual that classifies mental disorders and is considered the "bible" for mental
health workers (e.g. psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, psychologists, and others who
plan care for people experiencing mental distress/dysfunction)
epidemiology - ANSWERS-The quantitative study of the distribution of disorders in a
human population
mental disorders - ANSWERS-A medical disease that is categorized in the DSM
mental health - ANSWERS-successful performance of mental functions, resulting in the
ability to engage in productive activities, enjoy fulfilling relationships, and adapt to
change and cope with adversity.
mental illness - ANSWERS-A medical condition that affects a person's thinking, feeling,
mood, ability to relate to others, and daily functioning. Can be seen as the result of a
chain of events that include flawed biological, psychosocial, social, and cultural
processes.
myths and misconceptions - ANSWERS-Incorrect thinking about someone's mental
health
prevalence rate - ANSWERS-The proportion of a population with a mental disorder at a
given time.
psychiatry's definition of normal mental health - ANSWERS-changes over time and
reflects changes in cultural norms, society's expectations and values, professional
biases, individual differences, and even the political climate of the time.
psychobiological disorder - ANSWERS-A mental disorder caused by neurotransmitter
dysfunction, abnormal brain srtructure, inherited genetic factors, or other biological
causes. Also called biologically based mental illness
resiliency - ANSWERS-The ability to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune and
change. Resiliency is closely related to the process of adapting
stigma/stigmatizing - ANSWERS-Stigma ia an attribute that is deeply discrediting where
a person is reducedfrom a whole unusual personto a tainted, discounted one.
Stigmatizing comes from stereotyping, labeling, separating, status, loss, and
discrimination in a context of power imbalance all leading to stigmatization
OBJECTIVE 1 - Assess mental health using the seven signs of mental health identified
in this chapter. - ANSWERS-Happiness
Control of Behavior
Appraisal of Reality
Effective
in Work
Healthy Self Concept
Satisfying Relationships
Effective Coping
,OBJECTIVE 2 - Summarize factors that can affect the mental health of an individual
and the ways that these factors influence conducting a holistic nursing assessment. -
ANSWERS-- Available support systems:
----friends
----family
----community
- Spirituality, religious influences
- family influences
- developmental events
- personality traits and states
- demographic and geographic locations
- Negative influences
----psychosocial stressors
----poverty
----impaired/inadequate parenting
- cultural/subcultural beliefs and values
- heath parctices and beliefs
- hormonal influences
- biological influences
- inherited factors
- environmental experiences
OBJECTIVE 3 - Discuss some dynamic factors (including social climate, politics,
cultural beliefs, myths, and biases) that contribute to making a clear-cut definition of
mental health elusive. - ANSWERS-- Mental illness is plagued by myths and
misconceptions.
- No consistent line exists between mental illness and mental health.
- Psychiatry's definition of mental health changes and reflects:
----Changes in cultural norms and society's expectations
----Values and professional biases
----Individual differences and political climate
----Psychology of women
----Issues of homosexuality
- All people:
----Have different backgrounds cultures.
----Grow intellectually and emotionally at different rates.
----Make different decisions at different times.
----Choose to or choose not to evaluate their behaviors.
----Grow within themselves.
----Have or have no spiritual beliefs
OBJECTIVE 4 - Identify the processes leading up to stigmatizing and some of the
effects stigma can have on the medical and psychologic well-being of an individual,
group, and/or culture. - ANSWERS-- Stigma has been acknowledged to be a major
barrier to mental health treatment and recovery over the last 13 to14 years.
- Stigmatizing attitudes toward individuals who are mentally ill have harmful effects on
the individual and family.
- Stigma is a "collection" of:
, ----Negative attitudes, beliefs, thoughts, and behaviors that influence the individual and
general public.
- Psychosocial processes that lead to stigmatization include:
----Stereotyping, labeling, separating, and status loss or discrimination in a context of
power imbalance, social isolation, and reduced opportunities.
OBJECTIVE 5- Demonstrate how the Diagnostic Statistic Manual (DSM) multiaxial
system can influence a clinician to consider a broad range of information before making
a DSM diagnosis. - ANSWERS--In the DSM, each of the mental disorders is
conceptualized as a clinically significant behavioral syndrome or pattern that occurs in
an individual and is associated with present distress (e.g., painful symptom) or disability
(i.e., impairment in one or more important areas of functioning) or with a significantly
increased risk of suffering death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom .
NOTE: It is important to stress that a DSM diagnosis classifies a disorder that a person
has and not the person. For this reason, the text of the DSM avoids the use of
expressions such as a schizophrenic or an alcoholic and instead uses the more
accurate expression, an individual with schizophrenia or an individual with alcohol
dependence.
OBJECTIVE 6- Compare and contrast a DSM diagnosis with a nursing diagnosis. -
ANSWERS-- DSM focuses on research and clinical observation when constructing
diagnostic categories of a mental disorder.
- DSM is considered the "bible" for mental health workers (e.g., psychiatrists, psychiatric
nurses, psychologists
-North American Nursing Diagnoses Association (NANDA) International describes a
nursing diagnosis as a clinical judgment about responses to health problems.
-Psychiatric-mental health nursing includes the diagnosis and treatment responses to
mental health problems.
OBJECTIVE 7- Give examples of how the consideration of norms and other cultural
influences can affect making an accurate DSM diagnosis. - ANSWERS-- The DSM is
used to diagnose a psychiatric disorder.
- The DSM includes information specifically related to culture in three areas:
----Discusses cultural variations for each clinical disorder.
----Describes culture-bound syndromes.
----Outline assists clinicians in evaluating and reporting the impact of an individual's
cultural context.
True or False. Mental illness is defined in relation to the culture, time in history, political
system, and group in which it occurs. - ANSWERS-TRUE
What is Axis V of the DSM multiaxial system? - ANSWERS-It describes a person's level
of functioning.
Q: Why is it important for a nurse to be aware of the multiple factors that can influence
an individual's mental health? - ANSWERS-The nurse diagnoses and treats human
responses, which are influenced by many factors.
Q: Factors that affect a person's mental health are:? - ANSWERS-- support systems
- developmental events
- cultural beliefs
