DHN 101 MID EXAM 2025/2026 GRADED A+
How have overweight and obesity rates changed in the US between 1988 and 2019? - almost
doubled; overweight rates have been steady
states with the highest obesity rates - WV, AL, MS, LA
Mostly southern states
Health problems associated with obesity - chronic inflammation (reversible)
CVD
Pre-diabetes/ Type 2 diabetes
Arthritis/ kidney disease/ gout
Cancer
Weakened immunity
BMI calculation - weight (kg) / height (m^2)
1 inch - 0.0254 meters
BMI classification: underweight - <18.5
BMI classification: normal - 18.5-24.9
BMI classification: overweight - 25-29.9
BMI classification: obese class 1 - 30-34.9
BMI classification: obese class 2 - 35-39.9
BMI classification: obese class 3 - > or = 40.0
Major limitations to BMI - doesn't account for body composition
,muscle weighs more than fat
subcutaneous fat - fat stored directly under the skin
Ex. stomach, thighs, butt
-Cellulite
visceral fat - fat stored within the abdominal cavity in association with the internal abdominal organs
which is more dangerous, subcutaneous or visceral fat? - visceral
two ways that body fat can be measured - underwater weighing
air displacement
healthy body fat percentages for men - 13-21%
healthy body fat percentages for women - 23-31%
Overweight body fat percentage for men - 22-25%
Overweight body fat percentage for women - 32-37%
Obese body fat percentage for men - 26-31%
Obese body fat percentage for women - 38-42%
Extremely obese body fat percentages for men - 32%+
Extremely obese body fat percentages for women - 43%+
What can waist circumference tell you about a person's health? - A larger waist circumference =
more likely to be obese
, are men or women more likely to have an "apple" shape? - men
To maintain current body weight, what should your energy input equal? - energy input = energy
output
four components of energy output - 1. basal metabolism
2. physical activity
3. thermic effect of food (heat)
4. non-exercise activity thermogenesis
What does BMR tell you? - minimum kcals body uses for vital activities when at complete rest
factors that increase BMR - Growth, exercise, stress, stimulants
factors that decrease BMR - low-calorie diets, aging, being short, less body SA, hypothyroidism
Male BMR calculation - 1.0 kcal/ kgbw/ hour
Female BMR calculation - 0.9 kcal/ kgbw/ hour
what factors influence how much energy a person burns during physical activity? - type of activity
duration
intensity
body weight
thermic effect of food - the small amount of energy required to digest, absorb, and metabolize
nutrients
how does the thermic effect of food contribute to a person's energy output? - we lose 5-10% of total
energy output in heat
How have overweight and obesity rates changed in the US between 1988 and 2019? - almost
doubled; overweight rates have been steady
states with the highest obesity rates - WV, AL, MS, LA
Mostly southern states
Health problems associated with obesity - chronic inflammation (reversible)
CVD
Pre-diabetes/ Type 2 diabetes
Arthritis/ kidney disease/ gout
Cancer
Weakened immunity
BMI calculation - weight (kg) / height (m^2)
1 inch - 0.0254 meters
BMI classification: underweight - <18.5
BMI classification: normal - 18.5-24.9
BMI classification: overweight - 25-29.9
BMI classification: obese class 1 - 30-34.9
BMI classification: obese class 2 - 35-39.9
BMI classification: obese class 3 - > or = 40.0
Major limitations to BMI - doesn't account for body composition
,muscle weighs more than fat
subcutaneous fat - fat stored directly under the skin
Ex. stomach, thighs, butt
-Cellulite
visceral fat - fat stored within the abdominal cavity in association with the internal abdominal organs
which is more dangerous, subcutaneous or visceral fat? - visceral
two ways that body fat can be measured - underwater weighing
air displacement
healthy body fat percentages for men - 13-21%
healthy body fat percentages for women - 23-31%
Overweight body fat percentage for men - 22-25%
Overweight body fat percentage for women - 32-37%
Obese body fat percentage for men - 26-31%
Obese body fat percentage for women - 38-42%
Extremely obese body fat percentages for men - 32%+
Extremely obese body fat percentages for women - 43%+
What can waist circumference tell you about a person's health? - A larger waist circumference =
more likely to be obese
, are men or women more likely to have an "apple" shape? - men
To maintain current body weight, what should your energy input equal? - energy input = energy
output
four components of energy output - 1. basal metabolism
2. physical activity
3. thermic effect of food (heat)
4. non-exercise activity thermogenesis
What does BMR tell you? - minimum kcals body uses for vital activities when at complete rest
factors that increase BMR - Growth, exercise, stress, stimulants
factors that decrease BMR - low-calorie diets, aging, being short, less body SA, hypothyroidism
Male BMR calculation - 1.0 kcal/ kgbw/ hour
Female BMR calculation - 0.9 kcal/ kgbw/ hour
what factors influence how much energy a person burns during physical activity? - type of activity
duration
intensity
body weight
thermic effect of food - the small amount of energy required to digest, absorb, and metabolize
nutrients
how does the thermic effect of food contribute to a person's energy output? - we lose 5-10% of total
energy output in heat
