THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
CRASH COURSE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
Your Exam Plug
,Heart - Answer: The organ that powers the entire circulatory system, pumping blood throughout the
body and transports nutrients, oxygen, waste, heat, hormones, and immune cells
The heart's purpose: - Answer: To *maintain pressure* by generating *high hydrostatic pressure to
pump blood out of the heart*, while also creating *low pressure to bring it back in*;
That gradient of force is what blood pressure is
Blood Pressure - Answer: A measure of the amount of strain your arteries feel as your heart moves your
blood around at about 60 beats per minute
Pericardium - Answer: Double walled sac around the heart
Two layers of the pericardium - Answer: fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium
Fibrous pericardium - Answer: The the *tough outer layer that is made of dense connective tissue* and
*helps protect the heart while anchoring it to some of the surrounding structures*, so it doesn't bounce
everywhere while beating
Serous pericardium - Answer: The *inner layer* that *consists of an inner visceral layer, or epicardium*
-- which is actually a part of the heart wall -- *and an outer parietal layer*
What separates the 2 layers of the pericardium? - Answer: A *thick film of fluid* that acts as a natural
lubricant, *providing a slippery environment for the heart to move around in so it doesn't create friction
as it beats*
Three Layers of the Heart: - Answer: epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Epicardium - Answer: The outer layer of the heart; Visceral layer
Myocardium - Answer: The middle layer of the heart; Mainly composed of cardiac muscle tissue that
does all the work of contracting
, Endocardium - Answer: The inner layer of the heart; Thin white layer of squamous epithelial tissue
Fluid flows from areas of ____________ to areas of ____________ - Answer: high pressure; low pressure
Septum - Answer: Divides the right and left chambers of the heart; A thin partition
What are the 4 chambers of the heart? - Answer: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
AKA 2 superior atria (low pressure) and 2 inferior ventricles (high pressure)
Right atrium - Answer: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava and pumps it
into the right ventricle which then sends it to the lungs to be oxygenated.
tricuspid valve - Answer: Valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right ventricle - Answer: pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery
pulmonic valve - Answer: Heart valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery; Right semilunar
valve
Pulmonary artery - Answer: Carries deoxygentated blood from the heart to the lungs
pulmonary veins - Answer: Deliver oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium
left atrium - Answer: Chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and pumps it
into systemic circulation.
bicuspid or mitral valve - Answer: Valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle
CRASH COURSE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
Your Exam Plug
,Heart - Answer: The organ that powers the entire circulatory system, pumping blood throughout the
body and transports nutrients, oxygen, waste, heat, hormones, and immune cells
The heart's purpose: - Answer: To *maintain pressure* by generating *high hydrostatic pressure to
pump blood out of the heart*, while also creating *low pressure to bring it back in*;
That gradient of force is what blood pressure is
Blood Pressure - Answer: A measure of the amount of strain your arteries feel as your heart moves your
blood around at about 60 beats per minute
Pericardium - Answer: Double walled sac around the heart
Two layers of the pericardium - Answer: fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium
Fibrous pericardium - Answer: The the *tough outer layer that is made of dense connective tissue* and
*helps protect the heart while anchoring it to some of the surrounding structures*, so it doesn't bounce
everywhere while beating
Serous pericardium - Answer: The *inner layer* that *consists of an inner visceral layer, or epicardium*
-- which is actually a part of the heart wall -- *and an outer parietal layer*
What separates the 2 layers of the pericardium? - Answer: A *thick film of fluid* that acts as a natural
lubricant, *providing a slippery environment for the heart to move around in so it doesn't create friction
as it beats*
Three Layers of the Heart: - Answer: epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Epicardium - Answer: The outer layer of the heart; Visceral layer
Myocardium - Answer: The middle layer of the heart; Mainly composed of cardiac muscle tissue that
does all the work of contracting
, Endocardium - Answer: The inner layer of the heart; Thin white layer of squamous epithelial tissue
Fluid flows from areas of ____________ to areas of ____________ - Answer: high pressure; low pressure
Septum - Answer: Divides the right and left chambers of the heart; A thin partition
What are the 4 chambers of the heart? - Answer: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
AKA 2 superior atria (low pressure) and 2 inferior ventricles (high pressure)
Right atrium - Answer: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava and pumps it
into the right ventricle which then sends it to the lungs to be oxygenated.
tricuspid valve - Answer: Valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Right ventricle - Answer: pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery
pulmonic valve - Answer: Heart valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery; Right semilunar
valve
Pulmonary artery - Answer: Carries deoxygentated blood from the heart to the lungs
pulmonary veins - Answer: Deliver oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium
left atrium - Answer: Chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and pumps it
into systemic circulation.
bicuspid or mitral valve - Answer: Valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle
