Page 1 of 17
WGU D094 EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY AND
DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS EXAM
Maslow's Love and Belonging Need
Need for interpersonal relationships - friendships, intimacy,
being part of a group.
Maslow's Esteem Need
Self-respect, respect from others, achievement, status, and
prestige.
Maslow's Cognitive Need
Curiosity, knowledge, and intellectual exploration
Maslow's Aesthetic Need
Need focuses on the search for and expression of beauty
and balance.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Popular motivational theory proposed by Abraham Maslow
in 1943.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Main Idea
Individuals must satisfy a basic series of needs before they
can reach their potential.
Maslow's Deficiency Needs
Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging, and Esteem
Maslow's Growth Needs
Cognitive, Aesthetic, Self-Actualization, Transcendence
, Page 2 of 17
Maslow's Physiological Need
Biological needs for survival, food, water, shelter
Maslow's Safety Need
Protection from the elements, law and order, financial
security, and freedom from fear.
Maslow's Self-Actualization Need
Personal growth and fulfillment and the realization of one's
personal potential as a human being.
Maslow's Transcendence Need
Meeting spiritual needs or helping others achieve self-
actualization.
Arnold Gesell
First theorist to observe and document stages of physical
development.
Gesell's Maturational Theory
Child's growth & development are influenced by both their
environment and genes in sequential order
Infancy
The stage of development that begins at birth and lasts
between 18 and 24 months. Dozens of motor skills are
added.
Early Childhood
The stage of development from 2 - 6 years old.
Improvements occur in both fine and gross motor skills.
Middle Childhood
, Page 3 of 17
The stage of development from 6 - 10 years old. Slow but
steady gains in weight and height.
Adolescence
The stage of development from 10 - 18 years old. Weight and
height increase rapidly and puberty begins.
Jean Piaget
Swiss psychologist known for his Theory of Cognitive
Development.
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
Theory that suggests children move through four different
stages of development. Sensorimotor, Preoperational,
Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational.
Sensorimotor Stage
Stage of development from birth to 2 years. Infants and
toddlers acquire knowledge through sensory experiences
and manipulating objects.
Object Permanence
The understanding that objects continue to exist even when
they cannot be seen. Major development of sensorimotor
stage.
Preoperational Stage
Stage of development from 2 to 7 years. Kids learn through
pretend play. Egocentric and struggle to see others
perspective.
Concrete Operational Stage
WGU D094 EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY AND
DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS EXAM
Maslow's Love and Belonging Need
Need for interpersonal relationships - friendships, intimacy,
being part of a group.
Maslow's Esteem Need
Self-respect, respect from others, achievement, status, and
prestige.
Maslow's Cognitive Need
Curiosity, knowledge, and intellectual exploration
Maslow's Aesthetic Need
Need focuses on the search for and expression of beauty
and balance.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Popular motivational theory proposed by Abraham Maslow
in 1943.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Main Idea
Individuals must satisfy a basic series of needs before they
can reach their potential.
Maslow's Deficiency Needs
Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging, and Esteem
Maslow's Growth Needs
Cognitive, Aesthetic, Self-Actualization, Transcendence
, Page 2 of 17
Maslow's Physiological Need
Biological needs for survival, food, water, shelter
Maslow's Safety Need
Protection from the elements, law and order, financial
security, and freedom from fear.
Maslow's Self-Actualization Need
Personal growth and fulfillment and the realization of one's
personal potential as a human being.
Maslow's Transcendence Need
Meeting spiritual needs or helping others achieve self-
actualization.
Arnold Gesell
First theorist to observe and document stages of physical
development.
Gesell's Maturational Theory
Child's growth & development are influenced by both their
environment and genes in sequential order
Infancy
The stage of development that begins at birth and lasts
between 18 and 24 months. Dozens of motor skills are
added.
Early Childhood
The stage of development from 2 - 6 years old.
Improvements occur in both fine and gross motor skills.
Middle Childhood
, Page 3 of 17
The stage of development from 6 - 10 years old. Slow but
steady gains in weight and height.
Adolescence
The stage of development from 10 - 18 years old. Weight and
height increase rapidly and puberty begins.
Jean Piaget
Swiss psychologist known for his Theory of Cognitive
Development.
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
Theory that suggests children move through four different
stages of development. Sensorimotor, Preoperational,
Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational.
Sensorimotor Stage
Stage of development from birth to 2 years. Infants and
toddlers acquire knowledge through sensory experiences
and manipulating objects.
Object Permanence
The understanding that objects continue to exist even when
they cannot be seen. Major development of sensorimotor
stage.
Preoperational Stage
Stage of development from 2 to 7 years. Kids learn through
pretend play. Egocentric and struggle to see others
perspective.
Concrete Operational Stage
