TTU Held BIOL 1402 Exam 2
1. Karyotpying: - a display if micrographs of the metaphase chromosomes of a
cell arranged by size and centometer position; to determine of there's an abnormal
number of chromosomes (due to non- disjunction)
a. if we brake open human cells in metaphase of mitosis, stain the chromosomes
with dyes, take a picture with a microscope and arrange then in matching pairs
2. Pedigree Analysis: - To determine whether a gene is dominant/recessive and
uses Mendel's concept of dominant and recessive alleles and his law of
segregation.
; the X chromosomes vs. autosomal
3. Down Syndrome: Caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 ("Trisomy 21");
characterized by heart and respiratory defects and varrining degrees of mental
retardation.
4. Turner Syndrome: females lacking an X chromosome ; XO, O refers to the
absence of the other X chromosome. They are short in stature and have
webbing around the neck and shoulders but have normal intelligence. Have
only 45 chromosomes but is NOT fatal. They are sterile
5. Klinefelter Syndrome: a male with an extra X chromosome (XXY or XXXY)
that is sterile and has abnormally small teestes. Often has more feminine body
characteristics. The abnormal sets with more than three chromosome( sex) are
a result of disjunction.
6. Nondisjunction: an accident of meiosis or mitosis in which a pair of
homologous chromosomes or pair of sister chromatids fails to separate at
anaphase; causes down syndrome.
7. disjunction: the normal separation of chromosomes in meiosis or mitosis
8. Carrier: - Parents are heterozygotes for a recessively inherited disorder and
who therefore does not show any symptoms of that disorder
9. Amniocentesis: - Genetic testing in the fetus
- Requires collection of fetal cells by inserting a needle through the abdomen into
the uterus
- Cells are cultured to allow karyotyping to look for abnormalities
-Inform mother whether the child will have birth defect
10. Cystic Fibrosis: a genetic disease that occurs in people with two copies of
a certain recessive allele characterized by an excessive secreation of mucus and
concequent venerability; fatal if untreated
, .
11. Achondroplasis: a form of human dwarfism caused by a single dominant
allele
12. Huntingtions Disease: A human genetic disorder caused by a dominant
allele, charaterized by uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of
nervous system; usually fatal 10 to 20 years after the on set of symptoms
13. Alzheimers: a from of mental deteroration or dementia; characterized by
confusion or memory loss
14 Chorionic Villi Sampling: - Doctor extracts sample of chorionic villus tissue
from placenta
- Karyotyping results take only 24 hours and can be done earlier than amniocentesis
15. Aminocentesis: a genetic testing of the fetus to detect the presence of disease
causing alleles in an individual genome. The test is done by extracting from the fetus
with a needle
16. Heredity: Transmission of traits/features from one generation to the next.
In{her}itance of traits
17. Ultrasound: Uses waves to produce a picture of the fetus
18. Genetics: - Study of heredity
Parts of chromosomes and make of DNA
19. BLENDING THEORY: - Ancient theory of heredity
- Hereditary materials contributed by the male and female parents mix in forming
the offspring (horse and donkey)
-irreversible and original colors are gone
20. Particulate Theory: - Traits are inherited like particles = genes
- Mendel's theory
-reversible and colors stay
21. Self-fertilization: In plants, sperm-carrying pollen lands on the egg-containing
carpel of the same flower.
22. Cross-fertilization: - Fertilization of one plant by another plant. - Mendel used
this with pea plants to observe traits.
23. Pure-breeding strain: - Crosses between identical homozygotes
-same alleles
(ex. both parents are SS or ss)
1. Karyotpying: - a display if micrographs of the metaphase chromosomes of a
cell arranged by size and centometer position; to determine of there's an abnormal
number of chromosomes (due to non- disjunction)
a. if we brake open human cells in metaphase of mitosis, stain the chromosomes
with dyes, take a picture with a microscope and arrange then in matching pairs
2. Pedigree Analysis: - To determine whether a gene is dominant/recessive and
uses Mendel's concept of dominant and recessive alleles and his law of
segregation.
; the X chromosomes vs. autosomal
3. Down Syndrome: Caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 ("Trisomy 21");
characterized by heart and respiratory defects and varrining degrees of mental
retardation.
4. Turner Syndrome: females lacking an X chromosome ; XO, O refers to the
absence of the other X chromosome. They are short in stature and have
webbing around the neck and shoulders but have normal intelligence. Have
only 45 chromosomes but is NOT fatal. They are sterile
5. Klinefelter Syndrome: a male with an extra X chromosome (XXY or XXXY)
that is sterile and has abnormally small teestes. Often has more feminine body
characteristics. The abnormal sets with more than three chromosome( sex) are
a result of disjunction.
6. Nondisjunction: an accident of meiosis or mitosis in which a pair of
homologous chromosomes or pair of sister chromatids fails to separate at
anaphase; causes down syndrome.
7. disjunction: the normal separation of chromosomes in meiosis or mitosis
8. Carrier: - Parents are heterozygotes for a recessively inherited disorder and
who therefore does not show any symptoms of that disorder
9. Amniocentesis: - Genetic testing in the fetus
- Requires collection of fetal cells by inserting a needle through the abdomen into
the uterus
- Cells are cultured to allow karyotyping to look for abnormalities
-Inform mother whether the child will have birth defect
10. Cystic Fibrosis: a genetic disease that occurs in people with two copies of
a certain recessive allele characterized by an excessive secreation of mucus and
concequent venerability; fatal if untreated
, .
11. Achondroplasis: a form of human dwarfism caused by a single dominant
allele
12. Huntingtions Disease: A human genetic disorder caused by a dominant
allele, charaterized by uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of
nervous system; usually fatal 10 to 20 years after the on set of symptoms
13. Alzheimers: a from of mental deteroration or dementia; characterized by
confusion or memory loss
14 Chorionic Villi Sampling: - Doctor extracts sample of chorionic villus tissue
from placenta
- Karyotyping results take only 24 hours and can be done earlier than amniocentesis
15. Aminocentesis: a genetic testing of the fetus to detect the presence of disease
causing alleles in an individual genome. The test is done by extracting from the fetus
with a needle
16. Heredity: Transmission of traits/features from one generation to the next.
In{her}itance of traits
17. Ultrasound: Uses waves to produce a picture of the fetus
18. Genetics: - Study of heredity
Parts of chromosomes and make of DNA
19. BLENDING THEORY: - Ancient theory of heredity
- Hereditary materials contributed by the male and female parents mix in forming
the offspring (horse and donkey)
-irreversible and original colors are gone
20. Particulate Theory: - Traits are inherited like particles = genes
- Mendel's theory
-reversible and colors stay
21. Self-fertilization: In plants, sperm-carrying pollen lands on the egg-containing
carpel of the same flower.
22. Cross-fertilization: - Fertilization of one plant by another plant. - Mendel used
this with pea plants to observe traits.
23. Pure-breeding strain: - Crosses between identical homozygotes
-same alleles
(ex. both parents are SS or ss)
