Bio 1402 Final exam study guide, ttu Held
1. Porifera (sponges):
-made of incurrent pores
-sessile filter feeders
-STATIONARY
-made of concurrent pores
(H2O editors the mouth)
-Made of two cells
•choanocytes (COLLAR CELLS): STATIONARY cells that pump h2o out of the
mouth
•amoebocytes: crawling cells (not stationary) that deliver food to the rest of the
sponge
2. Cnidqaria (jelly fish, hydras, corals, sea anemones):
-can regenerate lost parts
*
-come in 2 shapes
•vases (POLYS)
•umbrellas (MEDUSAE)
-can regenerate lost parts
-armed w/ stinging cells
•called CHIDOCYTES
••inside each is a HARPOON called a NEMATOCYSTS that is triggered by scent
of touch
3. Platyhelminthes (flatworms, tapeworm):
-simple head that senses light chemicals and pressure
-flat so no need for circulatory system. Uses diffusion instead
-1 ended gut (MOUTH =NAVEL)
-many are hermaphrodites
4. Nematodes (roundworms): -many are parasites
Ex: trichinosis
5. Molluscs (Snails, Slugs, Oysters, Clams, Octopuses, Squids): -true organs
-radula :rasping tongue
-gills
-open circulatory system
•all organs are bathed in blood
-
, -
-mantle: layer of tissue that secretes a calcium carbonate shell -
hunters
-eyes in octopuses /squids
—foot and tentacles for gripping
6. Annelids (earthworms, leeches):
-use a specialized gut made of crop and gizzard
segmented bodies
specializes gut: makes of 2 things
•CROP: stores food
•GIZZARD: grinders food
-closed circulatory system
-uses circular and longitudinal muscles for movement
7. Anthropods (centipedes, CRABS, cockroaches, lobsters, insects,
spiders): -known for exoskeleton, used for armor/protection*
-largest group of animals on earth abt 3/4 of all animals
-2 groups
•crustations : crabs
•insects
-molting:wedding if exoskeleton
-only group that metamorphosizes
-made of specialized segments, that are fused together to form appendages
8. Echinoderms (Sea Stars:sea urchins, starfish ): Use tube feet *
•that act as a hydrollic system
-echino: spiny
-derms: skin
9. What are invertebrates?: animals without a backbone
10. What are vertebrates?: animals with a backbone
11. characteristics of Chordates: 1. All have spinal cords in brain, that forms
central nervous system
2. All have notochord: which is used for swimming
3. All have tails
4. All have gills/ gill slits
5. All have myotomes: blocks of muscles
12. Tunicates: -motile in larva stage
1. Porifera (sponges):
-made of incurrent pores
-sessile filter feeders
-STATIONARY
-made of concurrent pores
(H2O editors the mouth)
-Made of two cells
•choanocytes (COLLAR CELLS): STATIONARY cells that pump h2o out of the
mouth
•amoebocytes: crawling cells (not stationary) that deliver food to the rest of the
sponge
2. Cnidqaria (jelly fish, hydras, corals, sea anemones):
-can regenerate lost parts
*
-come in 2 shapes
•vases (POLYS)
•umbrellas (MEDUSAE)
-can regenerate lost parts
-armed w/ stinging cells
•called CHIDOCYTES
••inside each is a HARPOON called a NEMATOCYSTS that is triggered by scent
of touch
3. Platyhelminthes (flatworms, tapeworm):
-simple head that senses light chemicals and pressure
-flat so no need for circulatory system. Uses diffusion instead
-1 ended gut (MOUTH =NAVEL)
-many are hermaphrodites
4. Nematodes (roundworms): -many are parasites
Ex: trichinosis
5. Molluscs (Snails, Slugs, Oysters, Clams, Octopuses, Squids): -true organs
-radula :rasping tongue
-gills
-open circulatory system
•all organs are bathed in blood
-
, -
-mantle: layer of tissue that secretes a calcium carbonate shell -
hunters
-eyes in octopuses /squids
—foot and tentacles for gripping
6. Annelids (earthworms, leeches):
-use a specialized gut made of crop and gizzard
segmented bodies
specializes gut: makes of 2 things
•CROP: stores food
•GIZZARD: grinders food
-closed circulatory system
-uses circular and longitudinal muscles for movement
7. Anthropods (centipedes, CRABS, cockroaches, lobsters, insects,
spiders): -known for exoskeleton, used for armor/protection*
-largest group of animals on earth abt 3/4 of all animals
-2 groups
•crustations : crabs
•insects
-molting:wedding if exoskeleton
-only group that metamorphosizes
-made of specialized segments, that are fused together to form appendages
8. Echinoderms (Sea Stars:sea urchins, starfish ): Use tube feet *
•that act as a hydrollic system
-echino: spiny
-derms: skin
9. What are invertebrates?: animals without a backbone
10. What are vertebrates?: animals with a backbone
11. characteristics of Chordates: 1. All have spinal cords in brain, that forms
central nervous system
2. All have notochord: which is used for swimming
3. All have tails
4. All have gills/ gill slits
5. All have myotomes: blocks of muscles
12. Tunicates: -motile in larva stage
