MSN 570 Advance Patho Exam 2025
With 100% Correct Answers
MI - correct answers ✔✔Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of coronary artery blood flow
What causes cell death in MI? - correct answers ✔✔unstable plaque breaks off, triggering platelet
aggregation, coagulation cascade and thrombus formation. continued no blood flow in 10 seconds
ischemia, 20 minutes cell die
What consequence of cell death leads to CP? - correct answers ✔✔hypoxia as cannot meet cell demand
for oxygen
How is MI diagnosed - correct answers ✔✔EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (non-STEMI)
What might you find in blood consistent with MI? - correct answers ✔✔elevated CK MB, Troponin
Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? - correct answers ✔✔Release of lysosomal enzymes; CK
MB detected after myocardial necrosis, Troponin released from damaged heart muscle
3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury - correct answers ✔✔ischemia, necrosis,
reperfussion l/t RAS
define reperfussion injury - correct answers ✔✔injury that occurs after oxygen is reintroduced to tissue
perfusion
how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury? - correct answers ✔✔as oxygen is
reintroduced it comes in contact with damaged proteins triggering inflammatory response
how does oxidative process contribute to RI? - correct answers ✔✔RAS causes impairment of cell
membrane and pro-apotptoic cells release. making cell unstable
, what is primary Hypertension? - correct answers ✔✔Essential or idiopathic, elevated BP without an
identified cause, accounts for 90 - 95% of all cases of hypertension?
what is secondary hypertension? - correct answers ✔✔Elevated BP, labile BP; related to conditions ie
kidney dz; resistant to BP meds
what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? - correct answers ✔✔persistent hypertension
leads to ventricular hypertrophy; decrease CO
what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? - correct answers ✔✔stroke, ischemia, heart failure,
aneurysm, hemorrhage
what is preload? - correct answers ✔✔volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
what is afterload? - correct answers ✔✔peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must pump
hoe does HTN l/t CHF? - correct answers ✔✔overwork left ventricle due to increase pressure; decreased
pumping ability of heart and decreases CO.
identify pathological process of gangrene? - correct answers ✔✔form of coagulative necrosis;
interruption of blood flow l/t denaturing cells enzymes and bacterial invasion
three types of gangrene - correct answers ✔✔dry, wet & gas
what is the major treatment approach for gangrene? - correct answers ✔✔removing affective tissue to
prevent infection; treating problem that led to gangrene
why use antibiotic for gangrene? - correct answers ✔✔to slow bacterial damage
What are the two major necrotic processes? - correct answers ✔✔Coagulative and liquifactive
With 100% Correct Answers
MI - correct answers ✔✔Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of coronary artery blood flow
What causes cell death in MI? - correct answers ✔✔unstable plaque breaks off, triggering platelet
aggregation, coagulation cascade and thrombus formation. continued no blood flow in 10 seconds
ischemia, 20 minutes cell die
What consequence of cell death leads to CP? - correct answers ✔✔hypoxia as cannot meet cell demand
for oxygen
How is MI diagnosed - correct answers ✔✔EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (non-STEMI)
What might you find in blood consistent with MI? - correct answers ✔✔elevated CK MB, Troponin
Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? - correct answers ✔✔Release of lysosomal enzymes; CK
MB detected after myocardial necrosis, Troponin released from damaged heart muscle
3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury - correct answers ✔✔ischemia, necrosis,
reperfussion l/t RAS
define reperfussion injury - correct answers ✔✔injury that occurs after oxygen is reintroduced to tissue
perfusion
how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury? - correct answers ✔✔as oxygen is
reintroduced it comes in contact with damaged proteins triggering inflammatory response
how does oxidative process contribute to RI? - correct answers ✔✔RAS causes impairment of cell
membrane and pro-apotptoic cells release. making cell unstable
, what is primary Hypertension? - correct answers ✔✔Essential or idiopathic, elevated BP without an
identified cause, accounts for 90 - 95% of all cases of hypertension?
what is secondary hypertension? - correct answers ✔✔Elevated BP, labile BP; related to conditions ie
kidney dz; resistant to BP meds
what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? - correct answers ✔✔persistent hypertension
leads to ventricular hypertrophy; decrease CO
what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? - correct answers ✔✔stroke, ischemia, heart failure,
aneurysm, hemorrhage
what is preload? - correct answers ✔✔volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
what is afterload? - correct answers ✔✔peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must pump
hoe does HTN l/t CHF? - correct answers ✔✔overwork left ventricle due to increase pressure; decreased
pumping ability of heart and decreases CO.
identify pathological process of gangrene? - correct answers ✔✔form of coagulative necrosis;
interruption of blood flow l/t denaturing cells enzymes and bacterial invasion
three types of gangrene - correct answers ✔✔dry, wet & gas
what is the major treatment approach for gangrene? - correct answers ✔✔removing affective tissue to
prevent infection; treating problem that led to gangrene
why use antibiotic for gangrene? - correct answers ✔✔to slow bacterial damage
What are the two major necrotic processes? - correct answers ✔✔Coagulative and liquifactive
