WGU D115 patho- Unit 6 renal and urologic systems Exam Questions Solved 2024/2025

WGU D115 patho- Unit 6 renal and urologic
systems Exam Questions Solved 2024/2025


Autoregulation of renal blood flow - correct answerprevents large changes in GFR when there are
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increases/decreases in BP; regulated neural and hormonal regulation
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renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system - correct answer-decreased blood pressure causes the H H H H H H H H




juxtaglomerular cells of kidneys to secrete renin which converts angiotensinogen (inactive) to
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angiotensin I (active) which is then converted into angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
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-Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone
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- leads to absorption of Na and increased blood pressure
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-once blood pressure is restored, there is a decreased drive to stimulate renin release
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glomerular filtration - correct answerthe movement of fluid and dilutes across glomerular capillary
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membrane into the Bowman space
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tubular reabsorption - correct answerMovement of fluids and solutes from tubular lumen to the
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peritubular capillary plasma
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tubular secretion - correct answerTransfer of substances from the plasma of the peritubular to the
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tubular lumen, active and passive transport
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Excretion - correct answerElimination of a substance in the final urine
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Aging and Renal System - correct answerDecrease: size of kidney, renal blood flow, GFR, number and size
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of nephrons
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Increase: glucose in urine, urgency, frequency, nocturia
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, Kidneys are less able to adapt to system changes
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Creatinine - correct answerSubstance produced by muscle, is measured in plasma and urine to calculate a
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commonly used clinical estimate of GFR
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blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - correct answerblood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood. An
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increased BUN detects an abnormality in renal function. BUN is also an indicator of hydration status
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Common causes of urinary tract obstruction - correct answerStones, strictures, congenital compression,
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tumors, and abdominal inflammation
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neurogenic bladder - correct answera urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve
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pathways associated with urination
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obstructive uropathy - correct answeranatomic changes in the urinary system caused by obstruction
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Types of obstructive uropathy - correct answerUpper urinary: kidney stones, tubulointerstitial fibrosis
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Lower urinary tract: neurogenic bladder, overactive/underactive bladder
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Anatomic: urethral stricture, prostate enlargement, pelvic organ prolapse, partial obstruction of urethra
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Tumors



Highest risk for UTI - correct answerPremature newborns, prepubertal children, sexually active/pregnant
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women, women treated with antibiotics that disrupt normal vaginal flora, spermicide users, estrogen-
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deficient post menopausal women, individuals with indwelling catheters, DM, neurogenic bladder,
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urinary tract obstruction
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CAUTI - correct answercatheter associated urinary tract infection
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Acute pyelonephritis - correct answerinfection of one or both upper urinary tracts (ureter, renal pelvis,
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and interstitium) usually from E. Coli or proteus or pseudomonas often spread by ascending uropathic
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microorganisms along the ureters. Symptoms usually acute with fever, chills, flank or groin pain and UTI
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symptoms.
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