EPPP Final EXAM 2025/2026 Graded A+
(VERIFIED)
What are the 3 components of a neuron? - ----Dendrites, Soma (Cell body), Axon---->
--------------information------------------------->
Acetylcholine - What is its role in the Peripheral versus Central Nervous System? What diseases is it
linked to? What drug mimics it? - in peripheral nervous system: muscle contraction
in central nervous system: sleep, learning and memory
low ACh→ Alzheimer's
Nicotine mimics ACh, increases memory and alertness.
What drugs are used to treat Alzheimer's? - cholinesterase inhibitors:
donepezil=Aricept (THINK: Don is older)
galantamine=Reminyl (THINK: glimmery mine)
rivastigmine=Exelon (THINK: excessively hard to remember → Exelon. Memory flowing through and
gone → rivastigmine)
Dopamine - what happens if there's too much or too little? - Too MUCH dopamine...
- schizophrenia
- Tourettes (in caudate nucleus)
- addiction to stimulants, opiates, alcohol, nicotine (in midbrain and limbic system)
THINK: doped out (drugs), shaking (Tourettes), talking to self (schizophrenia)
Too LITTLE dopamine could lead to...
- Parkinson's (in substantia nigra)
THINK: d p dopamine, Parkinson's
,norepinephrine is linked with what diagnosis? - Depression, due to lower than normal levels
(catecholamine hypothesis)
Serotonin - what happens if there's too much or too little? - elevated serotonin → schizophrenia,
autism, anorexia
THINK: Sara who I watched over with autism, skinny, schizophrenia
low levels of serotonin → aggression, depression, suicide, bulimia, PTSD, OCD
THINK: opposite of Sara - big and blown up bulimia, Ocd
Which neurotransmitters are associated with social phobia? - serotonin and dopamine
S of social for serotonin
P of phobia, turn it upside down for dopamine
GABA - low levels lead to... - anxiety, motor symptoms of Huntington's disease
Glutamate plays a role in... Excessive levels lead to... - Learning and memory, specifically long-term
potentiation.
Excessive levels lead to excitotoxicity (seizures, stroke-related brain damage, Huntington's,
Alzheimer's)
What is the role of endorphins? - Pain relief
Certain pleasurable experiences - Runners High, emotions, memory and learning, sexual behavior
Nerve fibers in the superior portion of the spinal cord, called the ____ ____, carry ____ (____)
messages, while the fibers in the inferior portion, the ____ ____, transmit ____ (____) messages. The
spinal cord consists of ____ segments that are divided into ____ groups. What are the groups from
top to bottom? __________ - Nerve fibers in the superior portion of the spinal cord, called the dorsal
horns, carry sensory (afferent) messages, while the fibers in the inferior portion, the ventral horns,
, transmit motor (efferent) messages. The spinal cord consists of 31 segments that are divided into 5
groups: Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal.
What are the parts of the hindbrain and their functions? - Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum
What are the parts of the midbrain and their functions? - Superior and inferior colliculi (routes for
visual & auditory information)
Substantia nigra (motor activity, reward system)
Reticular formation (alertness, sleep)
THINK: middle - ticklish middle of my body, between up and down (superior, inferior), mine is not
very substantial
What are the parts of the forebrain and their functions? - Thalamus
Hypothalamus
- Suprachiasmatic nucleus (circadian rhythms)
- Basal Ganglia
- Caudate nucleus
- Putamen
- Globus pallidus
Limbic System
- Amygdala
- Hippocampus
THINK: F and T and L look similar in letter formation
The peripheral nervous system is composed of... - Somatic nervous system - voluntary sensory and
motor nerves
(VERIFIED)
What are the 3 components of a neuron? - ----Dendrites, Soma (Cell body), Axon---->
--------------information------------------------->
Acetylcholine - What is its role in the Peripheral versus Central Nervous System? What diseases is it
linked to? What drug mimics it? - in peripheral nervous system: muscle contraction
in central nervous system: sleep, learning and memory
low ACh→ Alzheimer's
Nicotine mimics ACh, increases memory and alertness.
What drugs are used to treat Alzheimer's? - cholinesterase inhibitors:
donepezil=Aricept (THINK: Don is older)
galantamine=Reminyl (THINK: glimmery mine)
rivastigmine=Exelon (THINK: excessively hard to remember → Exelon. Memory flowing through and
gone → rivastigmine)
Dopamine - what happens if there's too much or too little? - Too MUCH dopamine...
- schizophrenia
- Tourettes (in caudate nucleus)
- addiction to stimulants, opiates, alcohol, nicotine (in midbrain and limbic system)
THINK: doped out (drugs), shaking (Tourettes), talking to self (schizophrenia)
Too LITTLE dopamine could lead to...
- Parkinson's (in substantia nigra)
THINK: d p dopamine, Parkinson's
,norepinephrine is linked with what diagnosis? - Depression, due to lower than normal levels
(catecholamine hypothesis)
Serotonin - what happens if there's too much or too little? - elevated serotonin → schizophrenia,
autism, anorexia
THINK: Sara who I watched over with autism, skinny, schizophrenia
low levels of serotonin → aggression, depression, suicide, bulimia, PTSD, OCD
THINK: opposite of Sara - big and blown up bulimia, Ocd
Which neurotransmitters are associated with social phobia? - serotonin and dopamine
S of social for serotonin
P of phobia, turn it upside down for dopamine
GABA - low levels lead to... - anxiety, motor symptoms of Huntington's disease
Glutamate plays a role in... Excessive levels lead to... - Learning and memory, specifically long-term
potentiation.
Excessive levels lead to excitotoxicity (seizures, stroke-related brain damage, Huntington's,
Alzheimer's)
What is the role of endorphins? - Pain relief
Certain pleasurable experiences - Runners High, emotions, memory and learning, sexual behavior
Nerve fibers in the superior portion of the spinal cord, called the ____ ____, carry ____ (____)
messages, while the fibers in the inferior portion, the ____ ____, transmit ____ (____) messages. The
spinal cord consists of ____ segments that are divided into ____ groups. What are the groups from
top to bottom? __________ - Nerve fibers in the superior portion of the spinal cord, called the dorsal
horns, carry sensory (afferent) messages, while the fibers in the inferior portion, the ventral horns,
, transmit motor (efferent) messages. The spinal cord consists of 31 segments that are divided into 5
groups: Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal.
What are the parts of the hindbrain and their functions? - Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum
What are the parts of the midbrain and their functions? - Superior and inferior colliculi (routes for
visual & auditory information)
Substantia nigra (motor activity, reward system)
Reticular formation (alertness, sleep)
THINK: middle - ticklish middle of my body, between up and down (superior, inferior), mine is not
very substantial
What are the parts of the forebrain and their functions? - Thalamus
Hypothalamus
- Suprachiasmatic nucleus (circadian rhythms)
- Basal Ganglia
- Caudate nucleus
- Putamen
- Globus pallidus
Limbic System
- Amygdala
- Hippocampus
THINK: F and T and L look similar in letter formation
The peripheral nervous system is composed of... - Somatic nervous system - voluntary sensory and
motor nerves
