NURS 8022 Endocrine study
q's with 100% correct
answers already graded A+
(VERIFIED & UPDATED)
What imbalance lessens the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone
(PTH)?
a. Increased serum calcium levels b. Decreased serum magnesium levels
c. Decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
d. Increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone - answer ANS: A The
overall effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)is to increase serum calcium
and to decrease serum phosphate concentration. The other presented
imbalances will not affect PTH in the described fashion.
Regulation of the release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla is
an example of which type of regulation?
a. Negative feedback
b. Positive feedback
c. Neural
d. Physiologic - answer ANS: C The release of hormones occurs either in
response to an alteration in the cellular environment or in the process of
maintaining a regulated level of certain hormones or certain substances.
Several different mechanisms, one of which is neural control (e.g., stress-
induced release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla), regulate the
release of hormones. The remaining options do not accurately describe
the example given.
How does a faulty negative-feedback mechanism result in a hormonal
imbalance?
a. Hormones are not synthesized in response to cellular and tissue
activities.
b. Decreased hormonal secretion is a response to rising hormone levels.
c. Too little hormone production is initiated.
,d. Excessive hormone production results from a failure to turn off the
system. - answer ANS: D Negative-feedback systems are important in
maintaining hormones within physiologic ranges. The lack of negative-
feedback inhibition on hormonal release often results in pathologic
conditions. Excessive hormone production, which is the result of the
failure to turn off the system, can cause various hormonal imbalances and
related conditions. The correct option is the only accurate description of
this hormonal function.
Which substance is a water-soluble protein hormone?
a. Thyroxine
b. Aldosterone
c. Follicle-stimulating hormone
d. Insulin - answer ANS: D Peptide or protein hormones, such as insulin,
pituitary, hypothalamic, and parathyroid, are water soluble and circulate
in free (unbound) forms. All the remaining options are fat-soluble
hormones.
Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone?
a. Cortisol
b. Oxytocin
c. Epinephrine
d. Growth hormone - answer ANS: Cortisol and adrenal androgens are
lipid-soluble hormones and are primarily bound to a carrier or transport
protein in circulation. The other options are water-soluble hormones
Most protein hormones are transported in the bloodstream and are:
a. Bound to a lipid-soluble carrier b. Free in an unbound, water-soluble
form
c. Bound to a water soluble-binding protein
d. Free because of their lipid-soluble chemistry - answer ANS: B Peptide or
protein hormones, such as insulin, pituitary, hypothalamic, and
parathyroid, are water soluble and circulate in free (unbound) forms. The
other options are not true statements related to the transport of protein
hormones.
, When insulin binds its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose
uptake by the muscle cells is the result. This is an example of what type of
effect by a hormone?
a. Pharmacologic
b. Permissive
c. Synergistic
d. Direct - answer ANS: D Direct effects are the obvious changes in cell
function that specifically result from the stimulation by a particular
hormone. The other options are not used to identify the described effect.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is released to stimulate thyroid
hormone (TH) and is inhibited when plasma levels of TH are adequate.
This is an example of:
a. Positive feedback
b. Negative feedback
c. Neural regulation
d. Physiologic regulation - answer ANS: B Feedback systems provide
precise monitoring and control of the cellular environment. Negative
feedback occurs because the changing chemical, neural, or endocrine
response to a stimulus negates the initiating change that triggered the
release of the hormone. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the
hypothalamus stimulates TSH secretion from the anterior pituitary.
Secretion of TSH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of THs. Increasing
levels of T4 and triiodothyronine (T3) then generate negative feedback on
the pituitary and hypothalamus to inhibit TRH and TSH synthesis. The
described example is not accurately identified by any of the other options
Lipid-soluble hormone receptors are located:
a. Inside the plasma membrane in the cytoplasm
b. On the outer surface of the plasma membrane
c. Inside the mitochondria
d. On the inner surface of the plasma membrane - answer ANS: A Lipid-
soluble hormone receptors are located inside the plasma membrane and
easily diffuse across the plasma membrane to bind to either cytosolic or
nuclear receptors. The other options are not true statements.
q's with 100% correct
answers already graded A+
(VERIFIED & UPDATED)
What imbalance lessens the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone
(PTH)?
a. Increased serum calcium levels b. Decreased serum magnesium levels
c. Decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
d. Increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone - answer ANS: A The
overall effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)is to increase serum calcium
and to decrease serum phosphate concentration. The other presented
imbalances will not affect PTH in the described fashion.
Regulation of the release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla is
an example of which type of regulation?
a. Negative feedback
b. Positive feedback
c. Neural
d. Physiologic - answer ANS: C The release of hormones occurs either in
response to an alteration in the cellular environment or in the process of
maintaining a regulated level of certain hormones or certain substances.
Several different mechanisms, one of which is neural control (e.g., stress-
induced release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla), regulate the
release of hormones. The remaining options do not accurately describe
the example given.
How does a faulty negative-feedback mechanism result in a hormonal
imbalance?
a. Hormones are not synthesized in response to cellular and tissue
activities.
b. Decreased hormonal secretion is a response to rising hormone levels.
c. Too little hormone production is initiated.
,d. Excessive hormone production results from a failure to turn off the
system. - answer ANS: D Negative-feedback systems are important in
maintaining hormones within physiologic ranges. The lack of negative-
feedback inhibition on hormonal release often results in pathologic
conditions. Excessive hormone production, which is the result of the
failure to turn off the system, can cause various hormonal imbalances and
related conditions. The correct option is the only accurate description of
this hormonal function.
Which substance is a water-soluble protein hormone?
a. Thyroxine
b. Aldosterone
c. Follicle-stimulating hormone
d. Insulin - answer ANS: D Peptide or protein hormones, such as insulin,
pituitary, hypothalamic, and parathyroid, are water soluble and circulate
in free (unbound) forms. All the remaining options are fat-soluble
hormones.
Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone?
a. Cortisol
b. Oxytocin
c. Epinephrine
d. Growth hormone - answer ANS: Cortisol and adrenal androgens are
lipid-soluble hormones and are primarily bound to a carrier or transport
protein in circulation. The other options are water-soluble hormones
Most protein hormones are transported in the bloodstream and are:
a. Bound to a lipid-soluble carrier b. Free in an unbound, water-soluble
form
c. Bound to a water soluble-binding protein
d. Free because of their lipid-soluble chemistry - answer ANS: B Peptide or
protein hormones, such as insulin, pituitary, hypothalamic, and
parathyroid, are water soluble and circulate in free (unbound) forms. The
other options are not true statements related to the transport of protein
hormones.
, When insulin binds its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose
uptake by the muscle cells is the result. This is an example of what type of
effect by a hormone?
a. Pharmacologic
b. Permissive
c. Synergistic
d. Direct - answer ANS: D Direct effects are the obvious changes in cell
function that specifically result from the stimulation by a particular
hormone. The other options are not used to identify the described effect.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is released to stimulate thyroid
hormone (TH) and is inhibited when plasma levels of TH are adequate.
This is an example of:
a. Positive feedback
b. Negative feedback
c. Neural regulation
d. Physiologic regulation - answer ANS: B Feedback systems provide
precise monitoring and control of the cellular environment. Negative
feedback occurs because the changing chemical, neural, or endocrine
response to a stimulus negates the initiating change that triggered the
release of the hormone. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the
hypothalamus stimulates TSH secretion from the anterior pituitary.
Secretion of TSH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of THs. Increasing
levels of T4 and triiodothyronine (T3) then generate negative feedback on
the pituitary and hypothalamus to inhibit TRH and TSH synthesis. The
described example is not accurately identified by any of the other options
Lipid-soluble hormone receptors are located:
a. Inside the plasma membrane in the cytoplasm
b. On the outer surface of the plasma membrane
c. Inside the mitochondria
d. On the inner surface of the plasma membrane - answer ANS: A Lipid-
soluble hormone receptors are located inside the plasma membrane and
easily diffuse across the plasma membrane to bind to either cytosolic or
nuclear receptors. The other options are not true statements.
