UA BSC 108 Exam Study Guide (2025) – Pass with Confidence Using
Verified Answers! Graded A+
What is a photosynthetic autotroph? - An organism that makes its
own food from inorganic ingredients.
What is the fluid inside chloroplasts called? - Stroma
What are the membranes inside chloroplasts called? - inner and
outer membranes
Write the overall equation for photosynthesis. -
6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2
What is the primary function of pigments in photosynthesis? Name
the primary pigment used in photosynthesis. - Pigments absorb
certain wavelengths. They are the means by which the energy of
sunlight is captured for photosynthesis. The primary pigment used in
photosynthesis is Chlorophylla-a.
Why are leaves green? - Their green color is from chlorophyll, a
pigment (light- absorbing molecule) in the chloroplasts that plays a
central role in converting solar energy to chemical energy.
How and where does water enter a plant? - Water enters root hair
cells by osmosis.
, How and where does carbon dioxide enter a plant? - Carbon Dioxide
diffuses through small holes in the underside of leaves, called the
stomata.
The light reactions take place in three stages. Name the stages and
summarize the events of each stage. 1. Photons excite electrons in
the chlorophyll of the first photosystem. These photons are then
trapped by the primary electron acceptor. This photosystem then
replaces the lost electrons by extracting new ones from water. This is
the step that releases O2 during photosynthesis. 2. Energized
electrons from the first photosystem pass down an electron transport
chain to the second photosystem. The chloroplast uses the energy
released by this electron "fall" to make ATP. 3. The second
photosystem transfers its light-excited electrons to NADP+, reducing
it to NADPH.
List all products of the light reactions. carbon dioxide, water. Glucose,
oxygen
The Calvin cycle has three main stages. Name the stages and
summarize the events of each stage. - "1) Carbon Fixation- The
enzyme rubisco combines CO2 with 5-carbon sugar rubulose
biphosphate (RuBP). The unstable product formed splits into 2
molecules of 3-carbon 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA).
2) Reduction- Energy from 6 molecules of ATP is used to oxidize
NADPH to NADP+. Six molecules of 3-PGA are reduced, producing six
molecules of energy-rich 3-carbon sugar G3P.
3) Release of one molecule of G3P- Five of the previously created
G3Ps remain in the cycle, but one molecule is released.
4) Regeneration of RuBP - series of chemical reactions uses energy
from ATP to rearrange the atoms of the 5 G3P molecules, (15 total
carbons), which forms 3 RuBP molecules (15 total carbons).
Verified Answers! Graded A+
What is a photosynthetic autotroph? - An organism that makes its
own food from inorganic ingredients.
What is the fluid inside chloroplasts called? - Stroma
What are the membranes inside chloroplasts called? - inner and
outer membranes
Write the overall equation for photosynthesis. -
6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2
What is the primary function of pigments in photosynthesis? Name
the primary pigment used in photosynthesis. - Pigments absorb
certain wavelengths. They are the means by which the energy of
sunlight is captured for photosynthesis. The primary pigment used in
photosynthesis is Chlorophylla-a.
Why are leaves green? - Their green color is from chlorophyll, a
pigment (light- absorbing molecule) in the chloroplasts that plays a
central role in converting solar energy to chemical energy.
How and where does water enter a plant? - Water enters root hair
cells by osmosis.
, How and where does carbon dioxide enter a plant? - Carbon Dioxide
diffuses through small holes in the underside of leaves, called the
stomata.
The light reactions take place in three stages. Name the stages and
summarize the events of each stage. 1. Photons excite electrons in
the chlorophyll of the first photosystem. These photons are then
trapped by the primary electron acceptor. This photosystem then
replaces the lost electrons by extracting new ones from water. This is
the step that releases O2 during photosynthesis. 2. Energized
electrons from the first photosystem pass down an electron transport
chain to the second photosystem. The chloroplast uses the energy
released by this electron "fall" to make ATP. 3. The second
photosystem transfers its light-excited electrons to NADP+, reducing
it to NADPH.
List all products of the light reactions. carbon dioxide, water. Glucose,
oxygen
The Calvin cycle has three main stages. Name the stages and
summarize the events of each stage. - "1) Carbon Fixation- The
enzyme rubisco combines CO2 with 5-carbon sugar rubulose
biphosphate (RuBP). The unstable product formed splits into 2
molecules of 3-carbon 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA).
2) Reduction- Energy from 6 molecules of ATP is used to oxidize
NADPH to NADP+. Six molecules of 3-PGA are reduced, producing six
molecules of energy-rich 3-carbon sugar G3P.
3) Release of one molecule of G3P- Five of the previously created
G3Ps remain in the cycle, but one molecule is released.
4) Regeneration of RuBP - series of chemical reactions uses energy
from ATP to rearrange the atoms of the 5 G3P molecules, (15 total
carbons), which forms 3 RuBP molecules (15 total carbons).
