UA BSC Exam Study Guide 2025 Edition – Study Smart with 100%
Correct Answers! Graded A+
What is photosynthetic autotroph? - Creatures that generate their own organic matter through
photosynthesis.
What is the fluid inside chloroplasts called? - Stroma.
What are the membranes inside chloroplasts called? - Thykaloids.
What is the overall equation for photosynthesis? - 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + Light Energy = C6H12O6 + 6 O2
What is the primary function of pigments in photosynthesis? - They hold electrons that gain energy,
which is then released and used.
What is the primary pigment used in photosynthesis? - Chlorophyll A.
Why are leaves green? - Green is the only color not absorbed during photosynthesis.
How and where does water enter a plant? - Water enters hairs on the plant's roots through osmosis.
How and where does carbon dioxide enter a plant? - Carbon dioxide enters plants through small
holes on their leaves, called stoma.
The light reactions take place in three stages. Name the stages and summarize the events of each
stage. - Absorption of Light, where sunlight is taken in by the plant through chlorophylls; Electron
Transport, where electrons travel in the thylakoid membrane to transport the sunlight energy for
conversion; and Generation of ATP, where the sunlight energy is converted into energy for the plant.
What are all the products of the light reactions? - ATP, NADPH, and oxygen.
The Calvin Cycle has three main stages. Name the stages and summarize the events of each stage. -
Carbon Fixation, where plants attach carbon dioxide to a chemical to start photosynthesis; Reduction
Phase, where energy reacts with chemicals to create simple sugars; and Carbohydrate Formation,
where carbohydrates are produced.
, What are all the produces in the Calvin cycle? - Glucose, ADP, P, and NADP+.
Give two examples of plants that use C4 photosynthesis. - Corn and Sugar Cane.
What environmental factor is C4 photosynthesis an adaptation for? - Plants in hot, dry areas.
Contrast carbon fixation in C4 and CAM plants. - C4 plants separate carbon fixation from the Calvin
cycle spatially, whereas CAM plants do so using time.
What is Aerobic Respiration? - When enough oxygen reaches cells to support energy needs.
What is Anaerobic Respiration? - When the demand for oxygen outstrips the body's ability to deliver
it.
What are Autotrophs? - "Self-feeders", meaning they make all their own food.
What are Heterotrophs? - "Other-feeders", meaning thy cannot make their own food and must get it
from other organisms that I can.
What is the function of cellular respiration? - Cellular respiration is the chemical process that
harvests energy from organic matter to make energy.
What is the overall equation for cellular respiration? - Glucose + Oxygen --> Carbon dioxide + Water +
Energy (ATP)
The first stage of cellular respiration is glycolysis. Where in the cell does glycolysis take place? - The
cytoplasm.
List the inputs of Glycolysis. - 2 ATP and Glucose.
List the outputs of Glycolysis. - 2 pyruvic acid and 4 ATP.
Correct Answers! Graded A+
What is photosynthetic autotroph? - Creatures that generate their own organic matter through
photosynthesis.
What is the fluid inside chloroplasts called? - Stroma.
What are the membranes inside chloroplasts called? - Thykaloids.
What is the overall equation for photosynthesis? - 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + Light Energy = C6H12O6 + 6 O2
What is the primary function of pigments in photosynthesis? - They hold electrons that gain energy,
which is then released and used.
What is the primary pigment used in photosynthesis? - Chlorophyll A.
Why are leaves green? - Green is the only color not absorbed during photosynthesis.
How and where does water enter a plant? - Water enters hairs on the plant's roots through osmosis.
How and where does carbon dioxide enter a plant? - Carbon dioxide enters plants through small
holes on their leaves, called stoma.
The light reactions take place in three stages. Name the stages and summarize the events of each
stage. - Absorption of Light, where sunlight is taken in by the plant through chlorophylls; Electron
Transport, where electrons travel in the thylakoid membrane to transport the sunlight energy for
conversion; and Generation of ATP, where the sunlight energy is converted into energy for the plant.
What are all the products of the light reactions? - ATP, NADPH, and oxygen.
The Calvin Cycle has three main stages. Name the stages and summarize the events of each stage. -
Carbon Fixation, where plants attach carbon dioxide to a chemical to start photosynthesis; Reduction
Phase, where energy reacts with chemicals to create simple sugars; and Carbohydrate Formation,
where carbohydrates are produced.
, What are all the produces in the Calvin cycle? - Glucose, ADP, P, and NADP+.
Give two examples of plants that use C4 photosynthesis. - Corn and Sugar Cane.
What environmental factor is C4 photosynthesis an adaptation for? - Plants in hot, dry areas.
Contrast carbon fixation in C4 and CAM plants. - C4 plants separate carbon fixation from the Calvin
cycle spatially, whereas CAM plants do so using time.
What is Aerobic Respiration? - When enough oxygen reaches cells to support energy needs.
What is Anaerobic Respiration? - When the demand for oxygen outstrips the body's ability to deliver
it.
What are Autotrophs? - "Self-feeders", meaning they make all their own food.
What are Heterotrophs? - "Other-feeders", meaning thy cannot make their own food and must get it
from other organisms that I can.
What is the function of cellular respiration? - Cellular respiration is the chemical process that
harvests energy from organic matter to make energy.
What is the overall equation for cellular respiration? - Glucose + Oxygen --> Carbon dioxide + Water +
Energy (ATP)
The first stage of cellular respiration is glycolysis. Where in the cell does glycolysis take place? - The
cytoplasm.
List the inputs of Glycolysis. - 2 ATP and Glucose.
List the outputs of Glycolysis. - 2 pyruvic acid and 4 ATP.
