©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:43 PM.
NS4105 Exam Revision Questions With
Correct Answers 100% Verified.
Key to Critical Thinking - BRAE - Answer✔Bias, Rationale, Agenda, Evidence
Humility of doubt - Answer✔To recognise there is always uncertainty
5 Critical Thinking Skills - Answer✔- Verbal Reasoning
- Argument Analysis
- Thinking as hypothesis testing
- Likeihood+uncertainty
- Decision making/problem solving
Logical Fallacies - Answer✔'Bad Arguments' or 'failings of rational reasoning'
7 Logical Fallacies - Answer✔- Ad Hominem
- Tu Quoque
- Appeal to Authority
- Appeal to Popularity
- Appeal to Common practice
- Appeal to Tradition
- False Dilemma
Ad Hominem Fallacy - Answer✔Attacking the person not their position. E.g. Frued used cocaine
so his theory is invalid - but there is no evidence cocaine affected his theory
Tu Quoque Fallacy - Answer✔The 'you too' fallacy. If what someone says contradicts their
actions doesn't mean they are wrong.
E.g. not recycling but saying that if people don't recycle it is bad for the environment
Appeal to Authority Fallacy - Answer✔When the person in question does not have legitimate
authority on the subject.
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, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:43 PM.
E.g. celebrities promoting a tablet that burns fat - they aren't scientists
Appeal to Popularity Fallacy - Answer✔Enforcing conformity, social desirability as most people
approve that it is the right thing to do
E.g. dressing girls in pink and boys blue
Appeal to Common Practice Fallacy - Answer✔Other people do it, therefore it is acceptable.
E.g. everyone cheats so it's okay if I cheat
Appeal to Tradition Fallacy - Answer✔Arguing that a practice or policy is good because people
have followed it for a long time.
E.g. monarchy being the best form of gov
False Dilemma Fallacy - Answer✔An argument where there are a limited amount of answers so
you have to choose one to be correct meaning the other is wrong. When they could be both
wrong.
E.g. you're with us or you're against us
Misleading Vividness Fallacy - Answer✔Describing dramatic events as if they are an indication
of something common
E.g Benefit Fraud - in reality is small percentage of pop but media describes as crippling to UK -
Click Bait
Post Hoc Fallacy - Answer✔False assumption that because one event occurred before another
event, it must have caused that event.
E.g. child gets MMR vaccine and got autism
Critical Thinking - Answer✔Has much in common with Scientific Thinking - use of evidence and
logical reasoning
Halpern 4 Stage Model for teaching Critical Thinking - Answer✔- Attitude
- Instruction and Practice
- Activities Facilitating Transfer of Skills
- Metacognition - assessing skills
Analogical Reasoning - Answer✔Seeing the shape of a problem from one area and shaping it to
another. If we identify analogies between problems they can be altered.
6 Everyday Thinking Errors - Answer✔- Conformation Bias
- Stereotypes
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NS4105 Exam Revision Questions With
Correct Answers 100% Verified.
Key to Critical Thinking - BRAE - Answer✔Bias, Rationale, Agenda, Evidence
Humility of doubt - Answer✔To recognise there is always uncertainty
5 Critical Thinking Skills - Answer✔- Verbal Reasoning
- Argument Analysis
- Thinking as hypothesis testing
- Likeihood+uncertainty
- Decision making/problem solving
Logical Fallacies - Answer✔'Bad Arguments' or 'failings of rational reasoning'
7 Logical Fallacies - Answer✔- Ad Hominem
- Tu Quoque
- Appeal to Authority
- Appeal to Popularity
- Appeal to Common practice
- Appeal to Tradition
- False Dilemma
Ad Hominem Fallacy - Answer✔Attacking the person not their position. E.g. Frued used cocaine
so his theory is invalid - but there is no evidence cocaine affected his theory
Tu Quoque Fallacy - Answer✔The 'you too' fallacy. If what someone says contradicts their
actions doesn't mean they are wrong.
E.g. not recycling but saying that if people don't recycle it is bad for the environment
Appeal to Authority Fallacy - Answer✔When the person in question does not have legitimate
authority on the subject.
1|Page
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:43 PM.
E.g. celebrities promoting a tablet that burns fat - they aren't scientists
Appeal to Popularity Fallacy - Answer✔Enforcing conformity, social desirability as most people
approve that it is the right thing to do
E.g. dressing girls in pink and boys blue
Appeal to Common Practice Fallacy - Answer✔Other people do it, therefore it is acceptable.
E.g. everyone cheats so it's okay if I cheat
Appeal to Tradition Fallacy - Answer✔Arguing that a practice or policy is good because people
have followed it for a long time.
E.g. monarchy being the best form of gov
False Dilemma Fallacy - Answer✔An argument where there are a limited amount of answers so
you have to choose one to be correct meaning the other is wrong. When they could be both
wrong.
E.g. you're with us or you're against us
Misleading Vividness Fallacy - Answer✔Describing dramatic events as if they are an indication
of something common
E.g Benefit Fraud - in reality is small percentage of pop but media describes as crippling to UK -
Click Bait
Post Hoc Fallacy - Answer✔False assumption that because one event occurred before another
event, it must have caused that event.
E.g. child gets MMR vaccine and got autism
Critical Thinking - Answer✔Has much in common with Scientific Thinking - use of evidence and
logical reasoning
Halpern 4 Stage Model for teaching Critical Thinking - Answer✔- Attitude
- Instruction and Practice
- Activities Facilitating Transfer of Skills
- Metacognition - assessing skills
Analogical Reasoning - Answer✔Seeing the shape of a problem from one area and shaping it to
another. If we identify analogies between problems they can be altered.
6 Everyday Thinking Errors - Answer✔- Conformation Bias
- Stereotypes
2|Page
