BIOLOGY TEAS Exam NEWEST 2024/2025 QUESTIONS WITH CORREC
VERIFIED ANSWERS/GRADED A+
1. Types of Joints Synovial joints: are the most common and freely move-
able. Found at shoulders and knees
Cartilaginous joints: joints located between vertebrae
Fibrous joints: have fibrous tissue connecting bones and
no cavity is presented
2. Compact Bone Consists of tightly packed cells, strong, dense, and
rigid. Running vertically throughout compact bone are
Have4rsian canals. They are surrounded by concentric
circles of bone tissue called lamellae. These spaces be-
tween the lamellae are called lacunae. The lamellae,
canals, arteries, and veins, lymph vessels and nerve end-
ings are referred to as the Haversian System.
3. Haversian Sys- Provides a reservoir for calcium and phosphorus for the
tem blood. Bones have a thin outside layer of compact bone
which gives them their smooth white appearance.
4. Spongy Bone Consists of trabeculae, which are a network of girders
w/open spaces filled with bone marrow. It is lightweight
and porous. The red marrow manufactures red and white
blood cells. In long bones, the diaphysis consists of com-
pact bone surrounding the marrow cavity and spongy
bone containing red marrow in the epiphyses. Bones have
varying amounts of compact bone and spongy bone de-
pending on their classification.
5. Skeletal System Axial skeleton: 80 bones; spine, rib cage, sternum, skull,
(Axial Skeleton) and hypoid bone. spine has 33 vertebrae divided by cer-
vical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral. Rib cage has 12 pairs
of ribs. Sternum consists of manubrium, corpus sterni,
and xiphoid process. The skull includes the cranium and
facial bones. Ossicles are bones in the middle ear and
hyoid bone is an attachment point for the tongue muscles.
Overall protects vital organs; heart, brain, and lungs.
6.
, TEAS Exam
Skeletal Sys- Appendicular System: Consists of 126 bones; pectoral
tem (Appendicu- girdle, pelvic girdle, and appendages, Pectoral girdle con-
lar System) sists of shoulders (scapulae) and clavicles (collar bones).
The pelvic girdle consists of the pelvic bones, which
attach to the sacrum. The upper appendages (arms)
include humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals,
and phalanges. Lower appendages (legs) include femus,
patella, fibula, tibia, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.
7. Skeletal System provides support, strength, protection, and mineral/fat
(Functions) storage; blood cells made in bone marrow
8. Bone Classifica- long, short, flat, irregular
tions
9. Cell The basic unit of structure and function in living things
10. Nucleus A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsi-
ble for growth and reproduction
11. Chromosomes threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain
the genes
12. Chromatin Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a
cell
13. Nucleolus Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes. Con-
sists of inner and outer membranes made of lipids
14. Nuclear pores holes in the nuclear envelope that allow materials to pass
in and out of the nucleus. involved in the exchange of
material between nucleus and cytoplasm.
15. Cell membrane thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters
and leaves the cell.
Contains:
phospholipid bilayer
cholesterol: adds flexibility
, TEAS Exam
glycoprotein: protein w/carbohydrates attached. Helps the
cell recognize other cells of the organisms
16. Cell Structure ribosomes: involved in synthesizing proteins and amino
acids
Golgi complex: Involved in synthesizing proteins that are
transported outside the cell. Located near nucleus and
consists of layers of membrane
Vacuoles: sacs used for storage, digestion, waste removal
Vesicle: an organelle that performs material transport
within a cell
17. cell structure (pt Cytoskeleton: consists of microtubules (made of protein)
2) that help shape and support the cell
cytoplasm: liquid material and organelles within cell,
mostly water
Endoplasmic reticulum: A cell structure that forms a maze
of passageways in which proteins and other materials are
carried from one part of the cell to another.
Mitochondrion: Cell organelle that converts the chemical
energy stored in food into compounds that are more
convenient for the cell to use. Functions are: energy,
communication within the cell, cell differentiation
18. cell structure (pt Contains: Centrosomes, Centriole, Lysosome, Cilia, Fla-
3) gella
Centrosome: comprised of centrioles located at right an-
gles to each other and surrounded by protein. The cen-
trosome is involved in mitosis and the cell cycle
Centriole: cylinder-shaped structures near the nucleus
, TEAS Exam
that are involved in cellular division. Each cylinder con-
sists of 9 groups of microtubules
19. cell structure (pt Lysosome: digests proteins, lipids, carbs, and transports
4) undigested substances to the cell membrane so they
can be removed. Shape of a lysosome depends on the
material being transported
Cilia (cilium): these are appendages extending from the
surface of the cell, the movement of which causes the cell
to move
Flagella: Tail like structures on cells that use whip like
movements to help the cell move
20. Cell Cycle series of events that cells go through as they grow and
divide. Cells replicate in two ways, by meiosis and mitosis.
21. cell differentia- the process by which a cell becomes specialized for a
tion specific structure or function.
22. Mitosis Interphase: cell prepares for division by replicating its
genetic and cytoplasmic material
Prophase: first and longest phase of mitosis, during which
the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles sep-
arate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the
nucleus
Metaphase: second phase of mitosis, during which the
chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
23. Mitosis (pt 2) Anaphase: the third phase of mitosis, during which the
chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite
poles
Telophase: phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual
chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chro-
matin
VERIFIED ANSWERS/GRADED A+
1. Types of Joints Synovial joints: are the most common and freely move-
able. Found at shoulders and knees
Cartilaginous joints: joints located between vertebrae
Fibrous joints: have fibrous tissue connecting bones and
no cavity is presented
2. Compact Bone Consists of tightly packed cells, strong, dense, and
rigid. Running vertically throughout compact bone are
Have4rsian canals. They are surrounded by concentric
circles of bone tissue called lamellae. These spaces be-
tween the lamellae are called lacunae. The lamellae,
canals, arteries, and veins, lymph vessels and nerve end-
ings are referred to as the Haversian System.
3. Haversian Sys- Provides a reservoir for calcium and phosphorus for the
tem blood. Bones have a thin outside layer of compact bone
which gives them their smooth white appearance.
4. Spongy Bone Consists of trabeculae, which are a network of girders
w/open spaces filled with bone marrow. It is lightweight
and porous. The red marrow manufactures red and white
blood cells. In long bones, the diaphysis consists of com-
pact bone surrounding the marrow cavity and spongy
bone containing red marrow in the epiphyses. Bones have
varying amounts of compact bone and spongy bone de-
pending on their classification.
5. Skeletal System Axial skeleton: 80 bones; spine, rib cage, sternum, skull,
(Axial Skeleton) and hypoid bone. spine has 33 vertebrae divided by cer-
vical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral. Rib cage has 12 pairs
of ribs. Sternum consists of manubrium, corpus sterni,
and xiphoid process. The skull includes the cranium and
facial bones. Ossicles are bones in the middle ear and
hyoid bone is an attachment point for the tongue muscles.
Overall protects vital organs; heart, brain, and lungs.
6.
, TEAS Exam
Skeletal Sys- Appendicular System: Consists of 126 bones; pectoral
tem (Appendicu- girdle, pelvic girdle, and appendages, Pectoral girdle con-
lar System) sists of shoulders (scapulae) and clavicles (collar bones).
The pelvic girdle consists of the pelvic bones, which
attach to the sacrum. The upper appendages (arms)
include humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals,
and phalanges. Lower appendages (legs) include femus,
patella, fibula, tibia, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.
7. Skeletal System provides support, strength, protection, and mineral/fat
(Functions) storage; blood cells made in bone marrow
8. Bone Classifica- long, short, flat, irregular
tions
9. Cell The basic unit of structure and function in living things
10. Nucleus A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsi-
ble for growth and reproduction
11. Chromosomes threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain
the genes
12. Chromatin Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a
cell
13. Nucleolus Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes. Con-
sists of inner and outer membranes made of lipids
14. Nuclear pores holes in the nuclear envelope that allow materials to pass
in and out of the nucleus. involved in the exchange of
material between nucleus and cytoplasm.
15. Cell membrane thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters
and leaves the cell.
Contains:
phospholipid bilayer
cholesterol: adds flexibility
, TEAS Exam
glycoprotein: protein w/carbohydrates attached. Helps the
cell recognize other cells of the organisms
16. Cell Structure ribosomes: involved in synthesizing proteins and amino
acids
Golgi complex: Involved in synthesizing proteins that are
transported outside the cell. Located near nucleus and
consists of layers of membrane
Vacuoles: sacs used for storage, digestion, waste removal
Vesicle: an organelle that performs material transport
within a cell
17. cell structure (pt Cytoskeleton: consists of microtubules (made of protein)
2) that help shape and support the cell
cytoplasm: liquid material and organelles within cell,
mostly water
Endoplasmic reticulum: A cell structure that forms a maze
of passageways in which proteins and other materials are
carried from one part of the cell to another.
Mitochondrion: Cell organelle that converts the chemical
energy stored in food into compounds that are more
convenient for the cell to use. Functions are: energy,
communication within the cell, cell differentiation
18. cell structure (pt Contains: Centrosomes, Centriole, Lysosome, Cilia, Fla-
3) gella
Centrosome: comprised of centrioles located at right an-
gles to each other and surrounded by protein. The cen-
trosome is involved in mitosis and the cell cycle
Centriole: cylinder-shaped structures near the nucleus
, TEAS Exam
that are involved in cellular division. Each cylinder con-
sists of 9 groups of microtubules
19. cell structure (pt Lysosome: digests proteins, lipids, carbs, and transports
4) undigested substances to the cell membrane so they
can be removed. Shape of a lysosome depends on the
material being transported
Cilia (cilium): these are appendages extending from the
surface of the cell, the movement of which causes the cell
to move
Flagella: Tail like structures on cells that use whip like
movements to help the cell move
20. Cell Cycle series of events that cells go through as they grow and
divide. Cells replicate in two ways, by meiosis and mitosis.
21. cell differentia- the process by which a cell becomes specialized for a
tion specific structure or function.
22. Mitosis Interphase: cell prepares for division by replicating its
genetic and cytoplasmic material
Prophase: first and longest phase of mitosis, during which
the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles sep-
arate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the
nucleus
Metaphase: second phase of mitosis, during which the
chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
23. Mitosis (pt 2) Anaphase: the third phase of mitosis, during which the
chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite
poles
Telophase: phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual
chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chro-
matin
