Cardiology - CCRN EXAM NEWEST 2024-2025 WITH QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS {100% correct}/GRADED A+
1. Testable Cate- •Applying leads for telemetry/cardiac monitoring
gories • Monitor, identify, and interpret cardiac rhythms
• Monitor and identify both normal and abnormal physical
assessment findings
• Hemodynamics, normal and abnormal, with signs and
symptoms of hemodynamic instability
• Understanding and managing cardiovascular medica-
tions
• Cardiac Surgery
2. Testable Cate- Indications and Management of:
gories Cont. • arterial line
• cardiac catheterization
• 12-lead ECG
• Cardiocentesis
• Cardioversions
• Central Venous Access
• Central Venus Pressure Monitoring (CVP)
• Defibrillation
• Pulmonary Artery Catheter
• Sv02 monitoring
• Pacing (Transthoracic and Transvenous)
As well as:
• Recognizing signs and symptoms of cardiovascular
emergencies and interventions
• Indications for, and management of patients with in-
tra-aortic balloon pump (IABP)
• Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
3. S1 (Normal) • The "lub" - sound created by the closure of the mitral and
tricuspid valves (AV valves)
Marks the end of diastole and the beginning of systole
• Loudest at the APEX of the heart (The midclavicular line,
5th intercostal space)
4. S2 (Normal) • The "dub" - this sound is caused by the closure of the
aortic and pulmonic valves (Semilunar valves)
• Marks the end of systole and the beginning of diastole
, Cardiology - CCRN EXAM 2024-2025
• Loudest at the BASE (right sternal border, 2nd intercostal
space)
• Can be louder with PULMONARY EMBOLISMS.
5. Heart Sound
Auscultation
Points
6. S3 (Abnormal) • Occurs early in diastole, right after the S2 sound. Heard
best at the apex of the heart, with the bell of the stetho-
scope
• Abnormal in Adults - THINK - "KENTUCKY"
(KEN-TUC-KEE)
• **Caused by a rapid rush of blood into a dilated ventricle
which can present in Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor
Pulmonale**
• **Also can be caused by insufficiency of the mitral, aortic,
or tricuspid valves**
7. S4 (Abnormal) • Occurs right before the S1 heart sound. Heart best at the
apex of the heart with the bell of the stethoscope
• Abnormal - THINK - "Tennessee" (TEN-uH-SEE)
**Associated with aortic stenosis, ventricular hypertrophy,
hypertension, and myocardial ischemia**
8. Pericardial Fric- • Primarily due to pericarditis and can be associated with
tion Rubs pain on deep inspiration. May be positional.
9. Valvular Heart Common Causes:
Disease • Infections
• Dilated cardiomyopathy
• * *Coronary Artery Disease, acute MI, or ischemia**
• Bicuspid aortic valve
• **Rheumatic Fever with Rheumatic Heart disease**
• Connective Tissue Disease
10. Murmurs of Occur when the valve is OPEN and develops over time.
stenosis (CHRONIC problem, not acute)
, Cardiology - CCRN EXAM 2024-2025
11. Murmurs of in- Occur when valve is CLOSED
sufficiency (re- (Acute or Chronic)
gurgitation)
12. Systolic Mur- • Only occurs during systole, two valves are closed, and
murs - (S1 - Mur- two are open
mur - S2) • The Aortic and Pulmonic valves are OPEN. These are
murmurs of stenosis.
• Aortic Stenosis and Pulmonic Stenosis - rough and gruff
sounding
. The Mitral and Tricuspid valves are CLOSED. These are
murmurs of insufficiency.
• Mitral Insufficiency and Tricuspid Insufficiency - hard
blowing sound that radiates widely
.Mitral - can cause large V waves on the PAOP tracing
• Can also be from a ventricular septal defect
"Lub-shh-Dub"
13. Diastolic Mur- Aortic Insufficiency
murs - (S1 - S2 - • Only occurs during diastole, two valves are open, two
Murmur) valves are closed.
• The Mitral and Tricuspid Valves are OPEN. These are
murmurs of stenosis.
• Mitral and Tricuspid Stenosis - rumbling sound (mitral
stenosis can be due to atrial enlargement and subsequent
atrial fibrillation)
• The Aortic and Pulmonic Valves are CLOSED. These are
murmurs of insufficiency. Also called regurgitation.
• Aortic and Pulmonic Insufficiency - blowing sound
"Lub-Dub-shhh"
14. Murmurs in • Myocardial ischemia/infarction can affect the mitral valve
Acute MI function and lead to acute mitral valve insufficiency (regur-
gitation)
• Due to the mitral valve being attached to the left ventricu-
lar wall by the papillary muscles and the chordae tendinae,
papillary muscle dysfunction and rupture can occur.
15.
AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS {100% correct}/GRADED A+
1. Testable Cate- •Applying leads for telemetry/cardiac monitoring
gories • Monitor, identify, and interpret cardiac rhythms
• Monitor and identify both normal and abnormal physical
assessment findings
• Hemodynamics, normal and abnormal, with signs and
symptoms of hemodynamic instability
• Understanding and managing cardiovascular medica-
tions
• Cardiac Surgery
2. Testable Cate- Indications and Management of:
gories Cont. • arterial line
• cardiac catheterization
• 12-lead ECG
• Cardiocentesis
• Cardioversions
• Central Venous Access
• Central Venus Pressure Monitoring (CVP)
• Defibrillation
• Pulmonary Artery Catheter
• Sv02 monitoring
• Pacing (Transthoracic and Transvenous)
As well as:
• Recognizing signs and symptoms of cardiovascular
emergencies and interventions
• Indications for, and management of patients with in-
tra-aortic balloon pump (IABP)
• Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
3. S1 (Normal) • The "lub" - sound created by the closure of the mitral and
tricuspid valves (AV valves)
Marks the end of diastole and the beginning of systole
• Loudest at the APEX of the heart (The midclavicular line,
5th intercostal space)
4. S2 (Normal) • The "dub" - this sound is caused by the closure of the
aortic and pulmonic valves (Semilunar valves)
• Marks the end of systole and the beginning of diastole
, Cardiology - CCRN EXAM 2024-2025
• Loudest at the BASE (right sternal border, 2nd intercostal
space)
• Can be louder with PULMONARY EMBOLISMS.
5. Heart Sound
Auscultation
Points
6. S3 (Abnormal) • Occurs early in diastole, right after the S2 sound. Heard
best at the apex of the heart, with the bell of the stetho-
scope
• Abnormal in Adults - THINK - "KENTUCKY"
(KEN-TUC-KEE)
• **Caused by a rapid rush of blood into a dilated ventricle
which can present in Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor
Pulmonale**
• **Also can be caused by insufficiency of the mitral, aortic,
or tricuspid valves**
7. S4 (Abnormal) • Occurs right before the S1 heart sound. Heart best at the
apex of the heart with the bell of the stethoscope
• Abnormal - THINK - "Tennessee" (TEN-uH-SEE)
**Associated with aortic stenosis, ventricular hypertrophy,
hypertension, and myocardial ischemia**
8. Pericardial Fric- • Primarily due to pericarditis and can be associated with
tion Rubs pain on deep inspiration. May be positional.
9. Valvular Heart Common Causes:
Disease • Infections
• Dilated cardiomyopathy
• * *Coronary Artery Disease, acute MI, or ischemia**
• Bicuspid aortic valve
• **Rheumatic Fever with Rheumatic Heart disease**
• Connective Tissue Disease
10. Murmurs of Occur when the valve is OPEN and develops over time.
stenosis (CHRONIC problem, not acute)
, Cardiology - CCRN EXAM 2024-2025
11. Murmurs of in- Occur when valve is CLOSED
sufficiency (re- (Acute or Chronic)
gurgitation)
12. Systolic Mur- • Only occurs during systole, two valves are closed, and
murs - (S1 - Mur- two are open
mur - S2) • The Aortic and Pulmonic valves are OPEN. These are
murmurs of stenosis.
• Aortic Stenosis and Pulmonic Stenosis - rough and gruff
sounding
. The Mitral and Tricuspid valves are CLOSED. These are
murmurs of insufficiency.
• Mitral Insufficiency and Tricuspid Insufficiency - hard
blowing sound that radiates widely
.Mitral - can cause large V waves on the PAOP tracing
• Can also be from a ventricular septal defect
"Lub-shh-Dub"
13. Diastolic Mur- Aortic Insufficiency
murs - (S1 - S2 - • Only occurs during diastole, two valves are open, two
Murmur) valves are closed.
• The Mitral and Tricuspid Valves are OPEN. These are
murmurs of stenosis.
• Mitral and Tricuspid Stenosis - rumbling sound (mitral
stenosis can be due to atrial enlargement and subsequent
atrial fibrillation)
• The Aortic and Pulmonic Valves are CLOSED. These are
murmurs of insufficiency. Also called regurgitation.
• Aortic and Pulmonic Insufficiency - blowing sound
"Lub-Dub-shhh"
14. Murmurs in • Myocardial ischemia/infarction can affect the mitral valve
Acute MI function and lead to acute mitral valve insufficiency (regur-
gitation)
• Due to the mitral valve being attached to the left ventricu-
lar wall by the papillary muscles and the chordae tendinae,
papillary muscle dysfunction and rupture can occur.
15.
