EDKP 396 FINAL VERIFIED QUESTONS
AND ANSWERS
What are Polloway's four paradigms/approaches? - ✔✔1. Facilities-based
2. Service-based
3. Support-Based
4. Empowerment and Self-Determination
Which Paradigm is based in isolation, neglect and views the condition as residing in the
person, with the person needing to be cured? - ✔✔Facilities-based
Which Paradigm defines people by their disability first and offers special programmes
focusing on skill development? - ✔✔Service-based
Which Paradigm views disability as part of human variation and that difficulties reside in
person-environment interaction? - ✔✔Support-based
Which Paradigm shifts major decisions to the individual, and focuses on options,
decision-making, self-awareness and self-regulated learning? - ✔✔Empowerment and
Self-Determination
What kind of paradigm terminology is corrective therapy? - ✔✔Facilities-based
terminology
What kind of paradigm terminology is Adapted, Developmental and Special Physical
Education? - ✔✔Service-based terminology
What kind of paradigm terminology is Adapted Physical Activity? - ✔✔Support-based
and Empowerment and Self-Determination-based terminology
Which paradigm ideas were an emphasis on physical rehabilitation, posture and fitness,
and excused children with mild disabilities from physical education? - ✔✔Facilities-
based ideas
Which paradigm idea was separating students with disabilities into programmes based
on their level of disability? - ✔✔Service-based idea
Which paradigm idea individualizes programmes, emphasizes sports, adopts a lifestyle
notion and places less definition on disability and more on adaptations? - ✔✔Support-
based ideas
Which paradigm idea promotes self-determined physical activity? - ✔✔Empowerment
and Self-Determination idea
, What should APA encompass? - ✔✔Providing the learner with power and control of
their own lives and physical activity preferences
Who came up with the three types of situations in APA and when? - ✔✔Bouffard, 2003
What are the three types of situations in APA? - ✔✔1. The professional is asked to
provide services for which they are prepared.
2. The person may not be adequately prepared
3. Everything in-between
What is an ill-defined problem? - ✔✔A cognitive problem space that has many different
solution paths as the problem is not clear
Who came up with the enquiry-based approach and when? - ✔✔Emes, 2003
What is the enquire-based approach? - ✔✔Seek to learn by asking questions
What is the order for the APA teaching model? - ✔✔1. Select Content Areas
2. Assess
3. Determine short and long-term objectives
4. Determine progressions
5. Teach and practice
6. Evaluate progress
What is a norm-referenced assessment? - ✔✔Compare individual's performance to a
normative table (e.g. percentile ranking, standard scores)
What is a criterion-referenced assessment? - ✔✔Compare performance to a desired
standard of mastery e.g. developmental milestones (crawling before walking and
walking before running etc...)
What is test reliability? - ✔✔Consistent scores across testing, sensitive to change
What is test validity? - ✔✔Does a test measure what it is intended to measure?
What are the three main things that assessment should not lead to? - ✔✔1. Generate
Labels
2. Prejudice or discourage teaching
3. Make assumptions
What is the primary purpose of APA? - ✔✔1. Self-determined physical activity
participation
2. Functional competence in motor skills, plus fitness improvement and maintenance
AND ANSWERS
What are Polloway's four paradigms/approaches? - ✔✔1. Facilities-based
2. Service-based
3. Support-Based
4. Empowerment and Self-Determination
Which Paradigm is based in isolation, neglect and views the condition as residing in the
person, with the person needing to be cured? - ✔✔Facilities-based
Which Paradigm defines people by their disability first and offers special programmes
focusing on skill development? - ✔✔Service-based
Which Paradigm views disability as part of human variation and that difficulties reside in
person-environment interaction? - ✔✔Support-based
Which Paradigm shifts major decisions to the individual, and focuses on options,
decision-making, self-awareness and self-regulated learning? - ✔✔Empowerment and
Self-Determination
What kind of paradigm terminology is corrective therapy? - ✔✔Facilities-based
terminology
What kind of paradigm terminology is Adapted, Developmental and Special Physical
Education? - ✔✔Service-based terminology
What kind of paradigm terminology is Adapted Physical Activity? - ✔✔Support-based
and Empowerment and Self-Determination-based terminology
Which paradigm ideas were an emphasis on physical rehabilitation, posture and fitness,
and excused children with mild disabilities from physical education? - ✔✔Facilities-
based ideas
Which paradigm idea was separating students with disabilities into programmes based
on their level of disability? - ✔✔Service-based idea
Which paradigm idea individualizes programmes, emphasizes sports, adopts a lifestyle
notion and places less definition on disability and more on adaptations? - ✔✔Support-
based ideas
Which paradigm idea promotes self-determined physical activity? - ✔✔Empowerment
and Self-Determination idea
, What should APA encompass? - ✔✔Providing the learner with power and control of
their own lives and physical activity preferences
Who came up with the three types of situations in APA and when? - ✔✔Bouffard, 2003
What are the three types of situations in APA? - ✔✔1. The professional is asked to
provide services for which they are prepared.
2. The person may not be adequately prepared
3. Everything in-between
What is an ill-defined problem? - ✔✔A cognitive problem space that has many different
solution paths as the problem is not clear
Who came up with the enquiry-based approach and when? - ✔✔Emes, 2003
What is the enquire-based approach? - ✔✔Seek to learn by asking questions
What is the order for the APA teaching model? - ✔✔1. Select Content Areas
2. Assess
3. Determine short and long-term objectives
4. Determine progressions
5. Teach and practice
6. Evaluate progress
What is a norm-referenced assessment? - ✔✔Compare individual's performance to a
normative table (e.g. percentile ranking, standard scores)
What is a criterion-referenced assessment? - ✔✔Compare performance to a desired
standard of mastery e.g. developmental milestones (crawling before walking and
walking before running etc...)
What is test reliability? - ✔✔Consistent scores across testing, sensitive to change
What is test validity? - ✔✔Does a test measure what it is intended to measure?
What are the three main things that assessment should not lead to? - ✔✔1. Generate
Labels
2. Prejudice or discourage teaching
3. Make assumptions
What is the primary purpose of APA? - ✔✔1. Self-determined physical activity
participation
2. Functional competence in motor skills, plus fitness improvement and maintenance
