NURS 5334 Antimicrobial Module 1 2025/2026 (Verified)
(100% PASS RATE) 135Qs
What drug can be used to treat gestational diabetes? - Insulin
What is Fasting Plasma Glucose for someone with diabetes? - Greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL
What is Random Plasma Glucose for someone with diabetes? - Greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL
What's the issue with taking beta blockers if you have Diabetes? - Beta Blockers can mask the
symptoms of hypoglycaemia
After taking Metformin for three months the patient A1c is still greater than 9.5% what additional
antidiabetic medication should you start them on? - Basal Insulin
After taking Metformin for three months the patient A1c is still greater than 7%, what additional
antidiabetic medication is okay for someone with ASCVD? - GLP-1 Agonist
SGLT2 - inhibitors
After taking Metformin for three months the patient A1c is still greater than 7%, what additional
antidiabetic medication is okay for someone with CHF? - SGLT2 - inhibitors
What antidiabetic medication should be avoided in patients with CHF? - Thiazolidines
After taking Metformin for three months the patient A1c is still greater than 7%, what additional
antidiabetic medication is okay for someone with chronic kidney disease? - GLP-1 Agonist
SGLT2 - inhibitors
After taking Metformin for three months the patient A1c is still greater than 7%, what additional
antidiabetic medication is okay for someone who wants to lose weight? - GLP-1 Agonist
DPP-4 inhibitors
SGLT2 inhibitors
,Why would patients with DM be weary about taking thiazide diuretics, corticosteroids, and
sympathomimetics? - The medications can increase blood glucose levels
What effects do beta blockers have on insulin? - Beta blockers can mask the symptoms of
hypoglycaemias and may inhibit the release of insulin of the pancreas
What are other therapeutic uses of Insulin? - Hyperkalaemia
Stress induced hyperglycaemia
What is the BP goal for diabetic patients? - The blood pressure goal for diabetics is generally less than
140/90 mm Hg
What type of medications can be given to decrease risk of diabetic neuropathy? - ACE inhibitors
(Lisinopril)
ARB (Losartan)
Both can reduce the risk of diabetic nephropathy
Name (3) short-acting insulin? - Insulin Lispro
Insulin Aspart
Insulin Glulisine
What is the name of Intermediate-acting insulin? - NPH Insulin (Humulin N, Novolin N)
Name the 3 long-acting insulins: - glargine, detemir, degludec
When are short acting insulins given? - Short acting insulin is to be used at mealtime to control
postprandial blood glucose spikes
When are intermediate acting insulin needed? - Between meals and overnight
How long does insulin glargine last? - 24 hours
, Which long acting insulin can be mixed? - NPH insulin
This insulin can be mixed with short acting insulin
Which type of insulin can be inhaled? - Afrezza (Regular Insulin)
What is the A1c goal? - Goal is less than 7%
What is the MOA of Metformin? - It inhibits glucose production by the liver and decreases insulin
resistance.
AMPK triggered GLUT4 to be put into the lipid membrane of the cell allowing glucose to enter the
cell (reducing blood glucose)
What is the most common side effect of Metformin? - GI disturbances
What is a rare side effect of metformin? - lactic acidosis
Why is Metformin contraindicated in people with Renal Dysfunction? - Metformin is contraindicated
in people with Renal Dysfunction due the potential for Lactic Acidosis. Metformin inhibits
gluconeogenesis, this will lead to a build up of lactic acid which is really excreted. If a patient had
renal failure the lactic acid will build up in the blood
Metformin is associated with weight gain or weight loss? - Weight loss
What is the MOA of Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone? - The Glitazones are used to increase insulin
sensitivity in peripheral tissues such as muscle and adipose tissues. This medication increases the
activity of PPAR-γ. PPAR-γ increases the activation of insulin responsive genes
Why do "glitazones" cause an increase in weight gain? - They cause and increase in weight gains due
to their ability to increase synthesis of proteins in lipid metabolism
They increase HDLs AND LDLs
(100% PASS RATE) 135Qs
What drug can be used to treat gestational diabetes? - Insulin
What is Fasting Plasma Glucose for someone with diabetes? - Greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL
What is Random Plasma Glucose for someone with diabetes? - Greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL
What's the issue with taking beta blockers if you have Diabetes? - Beta Blockers can mask the
symptoms of hypoglycaemia
After taking Metformin for three months the patient A1c is still greater than 9.5% what additional
antidiabetic medication should you start them on? - Basal Insulin
After taking Metformin for three months the patient A1c is still greater than 7%, what additional
antidiabetic medication is okay for someone with ASCVD? - GLP-1 Agonist
SGLT2 - inhibitors
After taking Metformin for three months the patient A1c is still greater than 7%, what additional
antidiabetic medication is okay for someone with CHF? - SGLT2 - inhibitors
What antidiabetic medication should be avoided in patients with CHF? - Thiazolidines
After taking Metformin for three months the patient A1c is still greater than 7%, what additional
antidiabetic medication is okay for someone with chronic kidney disease? - GLP-1 Agonist
SGLT2 - inhibitors
After taking Metformin for three months the patient A1c is still greater than 7%, what additional
antidiabetic medication is okay for someone who wants to lose weight? - GLP-1 Agonist
DPP-4 inhibitors
SGLT2 inhibitors
,Why would patients with DM be weary about taking thiazide diuretics, corticosteroids, and
sympathomimetics? - The medications can increase blood glucose levels
What effects do beta blockers have on insulin? - Beta blockers can mask the symptoms of
hypoglycaemias and may inhibit the release of insulin of the pancreas
What are other therapeutic uses of Insulin? - Hyperkalaemia
Stress induced hyperglycaemia
What is the BP goal for diabetic patients? - The blood pressure goal for diabetics is generally less than
140/90 mm Hg
What type of medications can be given to decrease risk of diabetic neuropathy? - ACE inhibitors
(Lisinopril)
ARB (Losartan)
Both can reduce the risk of diabetic nephropathy
Name (3) short-acting insulin? - Insulin Lispro
Insulin Aspart
Insulin Glulisine
What is the name of Intermediate-acting insulin? - NPH Insulin (Humulin N, Novolin N)
Name the 3 long-acting insulins: - glargine, detemir, degludec
When are short acting insulins given? - Short acting insulin is to be used at mealtime to control
postprandial blood glucose spikes
When are intermediate acting insulin needed? - Between meals and overnight
How long does insulin glargine last? - 24 hours
, Which long acting insulin can be mixed? - NPH insulin
This insulin can be mixed with short acting insulin
Which type of insulin can be inhaled? - Afrezza (Regular Insulin)
What is the A1c goal? - Goal is less than 7%
What is the MOA of Metformin? - It inhibits glucose production by the liver and decreases insulin
resistance.
AMPK triggered GLUT4 to be put into the lipid membrane of the cell allowing glucose to enter the
cell (reducing blood glucose)
What is the most common side effect of Metformin? - GI disturbances
What is a rare side effect of metformin? - lactic acidosis
Why is Metformin contraindicated in people with Renal Dysfunction? - Metformin is contraindicated
in people with Renal Dysfunction due the potential for Lactic Acidosis. Metformin inhibits
gluconeogenesis, this will lead to a build up of lactic acid which is really excreted. If a patient had
renal failure the lactic acid will build up in the blood
Metformin is associated with weight gain or weight loss? - Weight loss
What is the MOA of Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone? - The Glitazones are used to increase insulin
sensitivity in peripheral tissues such as muscle and adipose tissues. This medication increases the
activity of PPAR-γ. PPAR-γ increases the activation of insulin responsive genes
Why do "glitazones" cause an increase in weight gain? - They cause and increase in weight gains due
to their ability to increase synthesis of proteins in lipid metabolism
They increase HDLs AND LDLs
