Exam 1 Personality Psychology CH. 1-5 Questions and Answers

Exam 1 Personality Psychology CH. 1-5 Questions and Answers _____ is NOT your Father: _________ _____________ is - Answers-Sigmund Freud; Wilhelm Wundt .Why is Wilhelm Wundt considered the father of psychology? - Answers-started the first experimental psychology lab in Germany in 1879 .What do Mentalists believe? What three psychologists were Mentalists? - Answers-believe psychology is about the mind; thoughts, feelings, belief, what we can't see; Wundt, James, Freud .What do Behaviorists believe? What three psychologists were Behaviorists? - Answers-believe psychology is the study of cognition or behavior, was one or the other; Darwin, Watson, Skinner .What is structuralism? Who was responsible for this theory? - Answers-using introspection, artificially analyze conscious experience into its elements; Wundt .What is Functionalism? Who was responsible for this theory? - Answers-to analyze conscious experience as it naturally occurs; James .What is Psychodynamic Theory? Who was responsible for this theory? - Answers-analyze the unconscious mind; Freud .What is Behaviorism? Who was responsible for this theory? - Answers-analyze behavior, ignore thinking; Watson & Skinner .Clinical is just one of many subfields of psychology. A few other subfields of psychology include: - Answers-Biological/Neuroscience, Cognitive, Developmental, Personality, Social .What does the Biological/Neuroscience subfield study? - Answers-links between brain and mind .What does the Clinical subfield study? - Answers-origins and treatment of psychological disorders .What does the Cognitive subfield study? - Answers-how people perceive, reason, remember, and solve problems .What does the Developmental subfield study? - Answers-emergence, growth, & decline of psychological phenomena .What does the Social subfield study? - Answers-how people think about, influence, and relate to one another .What does the Personality subfield study? - Answers-individual differences & similarities .The Biopsychosocial approach includes what three influences? - Answers-Biological Influences, Psychological Influences, and Social-cultural Influences .Psychology is not an art it is a _________________ - Answers-science of behavior and mental processes .While historically, psychology movements were characterized by studying either __________ or __________, today we define psychology as: __________________________________________ - Answers-Cognition or Behavior; the science of behavior and mental processes ."If you're unsure of your answer when taking a test, it is best to stick with your initial hunch" Why is this false? - Answers-First Instinct Fallacy -- false truth that your first instinct is the best option to use .The 'milk stool' of psychology requires considering ________________, _______________, and ______________ influences. - Answers-Biological, Psychological, and Social-cultural .Perception is ________________ - Answers-constructed .____________ is more reliable than experiences and instincts - Answers-Data .Those who switch from their first instinct choice (won/lost) more? - Answers-won .Those who stayed with their first instinct choice (won/lost) more? - Answers-lost .What is the negativity bias? - Answers-when people are hesitant to change their answer its because we remember the times when we switched our answers and had it right the first time .Anecdote does not equal ______________ - Answers-evidence .What are some examples of anecdote does not equal evidence? - Answers-people tend to underestimate the number of people that have died in tragedies; people tend to underestimate the number of people that have died in more silent tragedies such as drowning or asthma attacks .After the fact we tend to believe we knew things that we in fact did not know, this illustrates the ______________ _______ - Answers-Hindsight Bias .We underestimate the threat of global warming on a snowy day because of the ___________ _____________ - Answers-Availability Bias .Name that Bias: people think shark attacks happen a lot more commonly than they actually are - Answers-Availability Bias .Name that Bias: "Murder's are up in New York City" - Answers-Availability Bias .Name that Bias: "I had a feeling that by the end of this evening that I'd be blamed for everything" - Answers-Hindsight Bias .Name that Bias: people overestimate the relationship between mental illness and violence - Answers-Availability Bias .Name that Bias: When somebody walks in late to an exam or meeting, the professor might overestimate the amount of times you're late to class etc. - Answers-Availability Bias .Name that Bias: Seeing Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt together and then however many years later, when they divorce, you reply "I knew it" - Answers-Hindsight Bias .It looks like Donald Trump is in our butter because we _____________ _____________ in random events - Answers-perceive order .To counter our inaccurate perceptions, we need to be scientists and __________ - Answers- .A good theory ______ and makes __________ ______________ - Answers-explains; testable predictions .The three main types of research methods are ____________, ____________, and ____________ - Answers-descriptive, correlational, experimental .Correlation does not equal _______________ - Answers-causation .We must beware of ________________ correlations - Answers-illusory .The _________________ research method allows us to make claims about causality - Answers-experimental .List the steps of the scientific method in order - Answers-1. Make an observation/Ask a Question 2. Theory & background research