Complete Updated PDF
, CONTENTS
HOW TO USE DAVIS’S DRUG GUIDE FOR NURSES............................ 1
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE AND PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS:
Implications for Nurses ....................................................... 6
PHARMACOGENOMICS......................................................... 9
MEDICATION ERRORS: Improving Practices and Patient Safety............ 12
DETECTING AND MANAGING ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ................. 19
OVERVIEW OF RISK EVALUATION AND MITIGATION SYSTEMS (REMS)... 23
SPECIAL DOSING CONSIDERATIONS.......................................... 24
The Pediatric Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
The Older Adult Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
The Patient of Reproductive Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Renal Impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Hepatic Impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Heart Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Body Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Drug Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
THE CYTOCHROME P450 SYSTEM: What Is It and Why Should I Care? .... 28
EDUCATING PATIENTS ABOUT SAFE MEDICATION USE ..................... 31
CLASSIFICATIONS .............................................................. 33
Anti-Alzheimer’s agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Antianemics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Antianginals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Antianxiety agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Antiarrhythmics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Antiasthmatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Anticholinergics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Anticoagulants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Anticonvulsants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Antidepressants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Antidiabetics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Antidiarrheals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Antiemetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Antifungals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Antihistamines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Antihypertensives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Anti-infectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Antineoplastics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Antiparkinson agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Antiplatelet agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Antipsychotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Antipyretics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Antiretrovirals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Antirheumatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Antituberculars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Antiulcer agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Complete Updated PDF
© F.A. Davis Publishing vii
,viii CONTENTS
Antivirals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Beta blockers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Bone resorption inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Bronchodilators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Calcium channel blockers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Central nervous system stimulants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Corticosteroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Diuretics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Hormones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Immunosuppressants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Laxatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Lipid-lowering agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Minerals/electrolytes/pH modifers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Natural/Herbal Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Nonopioid analgesics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Nonsteroidal anti-infammatory agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Opioid analgesics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Sedative/hypnotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Skeletal muscle relaxants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Thrombolytics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Vaccines/immunizing agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Vascular headache suppressants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Vitamins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Weight control agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
DRUG MONOGRAPHS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY GENERIC NAME ...... 91– 1328
DRUGS APPROVED IN CANADA ................................................ 1329
NATURAL/HERBAL PRODUCTS ................................................ 1355
MEDICATION SAFETY TOOLS.................................................. 1379
APPENDICES .................................................................... 1397
Appendix A. Recent Drug Approvals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1399
Appendix B. Ophthalmic Medications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1409
Appendix C. Medication Administration Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1417
Appendix D. Administering Medications to Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1420
Appendix E. Formulas Helpful for Calculating Doses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1421
Appendix F. Pediatric Dosage Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1423
Appendix G. Normal Values of Common Laboratory Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1424
Appendix H. Controlled Substance Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1426
Appendix I. Equianalgesic Dosing Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1429
Appendix J. Food Sources for Specifc Nutrients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1432
Appendix K. Insulins and Insulin Therapy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1434
Appendix L. Differences in U.S. and Candian Pharmaceutical Practices . . . . . . . . 1436
Appendix M. Routine Pediatric and Adult Immunizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1438
Appendix N. Combination Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fadavis.com
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................. 1446
COMPREHENSIVE GENERIC/TRADE/CLASSIFICATIONS INDEX ............. 1447
Complete Updated PDF
© F.A. Davis Publishing
, HOW TO USE DAVIS’S DRUG GUIDE FOR
NURSES
Davis’s Drug Guide for Nurses provides comprehensive, up-to-date drug information in well-
organized, nursing-focused monographs. It also includes extensive supplemental material in 14
appendices, thoroughly addresses the issue of safe medication administration, and educates the
reader about 50 different therapeutic classes of drugs. In this 18th edition, we have continued the
tradition of focusing on safe medication administration by including Medication Safety Tools and
even more information about health care’s most vulnerable patients: children, the elderly, pregnant
women, and breast feeding mothers. Look for more Pedi, Geri, OB, Lactation, and Rep headings in the
monographs. We have also included a BEERS label at the top of applicable drug monographs for those
medications listed in the Beers Criteria developed by the American Geriatrics Society. These
medications are considered to be potentially inappropriate for use in older adults because they are
associated with more risk than beneft in this patient population. In addition, we’ve included
information relevant to Canadian students and nurses. You’ll fnd an appendix comparing Canadian
and U.S. pharmaceutical practices, more Canada-only combination drugs in the Combination Drugs
appendix, and additional Canadian brand names in the drug monographs. To help you fnd this
information quickly, we’ve also added a maple leaf icon ( ) in the index next to each Canadian
entry. We have added pharmacogenomic information throughout numerous monographs to guide the
nurse in selecting and monitoring various drug therapies. To help you fnd this information quickly,
we’ve added a double helix icon ( ) to denote this information as it applies to specifc drugs. Use this
book to enhance your competence in implementing and evaluating medication therapies. The
following sections describe the organization of Davis’s Drug Guide for Nurses and explain how to
quickly fnd the information you need.
Safe Medication Use Articles
“Medication Errors: Improving Practices and Patient Safety,” “Detecting and Managing Adverse Drug
Reactions,” “Overview of Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Systems (REMS),” “Special Dosing
Considerations,” and “Educating Patients About Safe Medication Use” comprise the safe medication
use articles and provide an overview of the medication safety issues that confront practitioners and
patients. Leading off this series, the medication errors article familiarizes you with the systems issues
and clinical situations repeatedly implicated in medication errors and suggests practical means to
avoid them. It also teaches you about high alert medications, which have a greater potential to cause
patient harm than other medications. “Detecting and Managing Adverse Drug Reactions” explains the
different types of adverse reactions and provides guidance on how to detect and manage them. “Risk
Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS)” explains strategies developed by the pharmaceutical
industry and required by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to minimize adverse drug reactions
from potentially dangerous drugs. We have highlighted the drugs that currently have approved REMS
programs associated with their use by adding a REMS label at the top of applicable drug monographs.
“Special Dosing Considerations” identifes the patient populations, such as neonates and patients with
renal impairment, who require careful dose adjustments to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes.
“Educating Patients About Medication Use” reviews the most important teaching points for nurses to
discuss with their patients and their families. In addition to these safety articles, other critical
information is highlighted in red throughout the drug monographs. This allows the reader to quickly
identify important information and to see how nursing practice, including assessment,
implementation, and patient teaching, relates to it.
Classifications Profile
Medications in the same therapeutic class often share similar mechanisms of action, assessment
guidelines, precautions, and interactions. The Classifcations Profle provides summaries of the major
Complete Updated PDF
© F.A. Davis Publishing 1
, CONTENTS
HOW TO USE DAVIS’S DRUG GUIDE FOR NURSES............................ 1
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE AND PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS:
Implications for Nurses ....................................................... 6
PHARMACOGENOMICS......................................................... 9
MEDICATION ERRORS: Improving Practices and Patient Safety............ 12
DETECTING AND MANAGING ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ................. 19
OVERVIEW OF RISK EVALUATION AND MITIGATION SYSTEMS (REMS)... 23
SPECIAL DOSING CONSIDERATIONS.......................................... 24
The Pediatric Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
The Older Adult Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
The Patient of Reproductive Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Renal Impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Hepatic Impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Heart Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Body Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Drug Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
THE CYTOCHROME P450 SYSTEM: What Is It and Why Should I Care? .... 28
EDUCATING PATIENTS ABOUT SAFE MEDICATION USE ..................... 31
CLASSIFICATIONS .............................................................. 33
Anti-Alzheimer’s agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Antianemics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Antianginals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Antianxiety agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Antiarrhythmics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Antiasthmatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Anticholinergics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Anticoagulants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Anticonvulsants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Antidepressants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Antidiabetics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Antidiarrheals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Antiemetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Antifungals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Antihistamines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Antihypertensives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Anti-infectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Antineoplastics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Antiparkinson agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Antiplatelet agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Antipsychotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Antipyretics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Antiretrovirals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Antirheumatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Antituberculars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Antiulcer agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
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Antivirals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Beta blockers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Bone resorption inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Bronchodilators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Calcium channel blockers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Central nervous system stimulants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Corticosteroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Diuretics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Hormones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Immunosuppressants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Laxatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Lipid-lowering agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Minerals/electrolytes/pH modifers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Natural/Herbal Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Nonopioid analgesics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Nonsteroidal anti-infammatory agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Opioid analgesics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Sedative/hypnotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Skeletal muscle relaxants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Thrombolytics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Vaccines/immunizing agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Vascular headache suppressants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Vitamins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Weight control agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
DRUG MONOGRAPHS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY GENERIC NAME ...... 91– 1328
DRUGS APPROVED IN CANADA ................................................ 1329
NATURAL/HERBAL PRODUCTS ................................................ 1355
MEDICATION SAFETY TOOLS.................................................. 1379
APPENDICES .................................................................... 1397
Appendix A. Recent Drug Approvals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1399
Appendix B. Ophthalmic Medications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1409
Appendix C. Medication Administration Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1417
Appendix D. Administering Medications to Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1420
Appendix E. Formulas Helpful for Calculating Doses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1421
Appendix F. Pediatric Dosage Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1423
Appendix G. Normal Values of Common Laboratory Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1424
Appendix H. Controlled Substance Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1426
Appendix I. Equianalgesic Dosing Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1429
Appendix J. Food Sources for Specifc Nutrients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1432
Appendix K. Insulins and Insulin Therapy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1434
Appendix L. Differences in U.S. and Candian Pharmaceutical Practices . . . . . . . . 1436
Appendix M. Routine Pediatric and Adult Immunizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1438
Appendix N. Combination Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fadavis.com
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................. 1446
COMPREHENSIVE GENERIC/TRADE/CLASSIFICATIONS INDEX ............. 1447
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, HOW TO USE DAVIS’S DRUG GUIDE FOR
NURSES
Davis’s Drug Guide for Nurses provides comprehensive, up-to-date drug information in well-
organized, nursing-focused monographs. It also includes extensive supplemental material in 14
appendices, thoroughly addresses the issue of safe medication administration, and educates the
reader about 50 different therapeutic classes of drugs. In this 18th edition, we have continued the
tradition of focusing on safe medication administration by including Medication Safety Tools and
even more information about health care’s most vulnerable patients: children, the elderly, pregnant
women, and breast feeding mothers. Look for more Pedi, Geri, OB, Lactation, and Rep headings in the
monographs. We have also included a BEERS label at the top of applicable drug monographs for those
medications listed in the Beers Criteria developed by the American Geriatrics Society. These
medications are considered to be potentially inappropriate for use in older adults because they are
associated with more risk than beneft in this patient population. In addition, we’ve included
information relevant to Canadian students and nurses. You’ll fnd an appendix comparing Canadian
and U.S. pharmaceutical practices, more Canada-only combination drugs in the Combination Drugs
appendix, and additional Canadian brand names in the drug monographs. To help you fnd this
information quickly, we’ve also added a maple leaf icon ( ) in the index next to each Canadian
entry. We have added pharmacogenomic information throughout numerous monographs to guide the
nurse in selecting and monitoring various drug therapies. To help you fnd this information quickly,
we’ve added a double helix icon ( ) to denote this information as it applies to specifc drugs. Use this
book to enhance your competence in implementing and evaluating medication therapies. The
following sections describe the organization of Davis’s Drug Guide for Nurses and explain how to
quickly fnd the information you need.
Safe Medication Use Articles
“Medication Errors: Improving Practices and Patient Safety,” “Detecting and Managing Adverse Drug
Reactions,” “Overview of Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Systems (REMS),” “Special Dosing
Considerations,” and “Educating Patients About Safe Medication Use” comprise the safe medication
use articles and provide an overview of the medication safety issues that confront practitioners and
patients. Leading off this series, the medication errors article familiarizes you with the systems issues
and clinical situations repeatedly implicated in medication errors and suggests practical means to
avoid them. It also teaches you about high alert medications, which have a greater potential to cause
patient harm than other medications. “Detecting and Managing Adverse Drug Reactions” explains the
different types of adverse reactions and provides guidance on how to detect and manage them. “Risk
Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS)” explains strategies developed by the pharmaceutical
industry and required by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to minimize adverse drug reactions
from potentially dangerous drugs. We have highlighted the drugs that currently have approved REMS
programs associated with their use by adding a REMS label at the top of applicable drug monographs.
“Special Dosing Considerations” identifes the patient populations, such as neonates and patients with
renal impairment, who require careful dose adjustments to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes.
“Educating Patients About Medication Use” reviews the most important teaching points for nurses to
discuss with their patients and their families. In addition to these safety articles, other critical
information is highlighted in red throughout the drug monographs. This allows the reader to quickly
identify important information and to see how nursing practice, including assessment,
implementation, and patient teaching, relates to it.
Classifications Profile
Medications in the same therapeutic class often share similar mechanisms of action, assessment
guidelines, precautions, and interactions. The Classifcations Profle provides summaries of the major
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