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Examen

TEST BANK FOR ADAMS, PHARMACOLOGY FOR NURSES: A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC APPROACH, 5 TH EDITION

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MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following has influenced an emphasis on primary care education in medical schools? a. Changes in Medicare reimbursement methods recommended in 1992 b. Competition from nonphysicians desiring to meet primary care shortages c. The need for monopolistic control in the marketplace of primary outpatient care d. The recognition that nonphysicians have variable success providing primary care ANS: A The Physician Payment Review Commission in 1992 directly increased financial reimbursement to clinicians who provide primary care. Coupled with a shortage of primary care providers, this incentive led medical schools to place greater emphasis on preparing primary care physicians. Competition from nonphysicians increased coincidentally as professionals from other disciplines stepped up to meet the needs. Nonphysicians have had increasing success at providing primary care and have been shown to be safe and effective. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: 2 2. Which of the following statements is true about the prescribing practices of physicians? a. Older physicians tend to prescribe more appropriate medications than younger physicians. b. Antibiotic medications remain in the top five classifications of medications prescribed. c. Most physicians rely on a “therapeutic armamentarium” that consists of less than 100 drug preparations per physician. d. The dominant form of drug information used by primary care physicians continues to be that provided by pharmaceutical companies. ANS: D Even though most physicians claim to place little weight on drug advertisements, pharmaceutical representatives, and patient preference and state that they rely on academic sources for drug information, a study showed that commercial rather than scientific sources of drug information dominated their drug information materials. Younger physicians tend to prescribe fewer and more appropriate drugs. Antibiotics have dropped out of the top five classifications of drugs prescribed. Most physicians have a therapeutic armamentarium of about 144 drugs. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: 3 3. As primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) continue to develop their role as prescribers of medications, it will be important to: a. attain the same level of expertise as physicians who currently prescribe medications. b. learn from the experiences of physicians and develop expertise based on evidence- based practice. c. maintain collaborative and supervisorial relationships with physicians who will oversee prescribing practices. d. develop relationships with pharmaceutical representatives to learn about new medications as they are developed. ANS: B As nonphysicians develop the roles associated with prescriptive authority, it will be important to learn from the past experiences of physicians and to develop prescribing practices based on evidence-based medicine. It is hoped that all prescribers, including physicians and nurse practitioners, will strive to do better than in the past. NPs should work toward prescriptive authority and for practice that is not supervised by another professional. Pharmaceutical representatives provide information that carries some bias. Academic sources are better. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) REF: 4 Chapter 02: Historical Review of Prescriptive Authority: The Role of Nurses (NPs, CNMs, CRNAs, and CNSs) and Physician Assistants Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A primary care NP will begin practicing in a state in which the governor has opted out of the federal facility reimbursement requirement. The NP should be aware that this defines how NPs may write prescriptions: a. without physician supervision in private practice. b. as CRNAs without physician supervision in a hospital setting. c. in any situation but will not be reimbursed for this by government insurers. d. only with physician supervision in both private practice and a hospital setting. ANS: B In 2001, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services changed the federal physician supervision rule for CRNAs to allow state governors to opt out, allowing CRNAs to write prescriptions and dispense drugs without physician supervision. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: 9 2. CRNAs in most states: a. must have a Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) number to practice. b. must have prescriptive authority to practice. c. order and administer controlled substances but do not have full prescriptive authority. d. administer medications, including controlled substances, under direct physician supervision. ANS: C Only five states grant independent prescriptive authority to CRNAs. CRNAs do not require prescriptive authority because they dispense a drug immediately to a patient and do not prescribe. Without prescriptive authority, they do not need a DEA number. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: 9 3. A CNM: a. may treat only women. b. has prescriptive authority in all 50 states. c. may administer only drugs used during labor and delivery. d. may practice only in birthing centers and home birth settings. ANS: B CNMs have prescriptive authority in all 50 states. They may treat partners of women for sexually transmitted diseases. They have full prescriptive authority and are not limited to drugs used during childbirth. They practice in many other types of settings. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: 9 4. In every state, prescriptive authority for NPs includes the ability to write prescriptions: a. for controlled substances. b. for specified classifications of medications. c. without physician-mandated involvement. d. with full, independent prescriptive authority. ANS: B All states now have some degree of prescriptive authority granted to NPs, but not all states allow authority to prescribe controlled substances. Many states still require some degree of physician involvement with certain types of drugs. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: 12 5. The current trend toward transitioning NP programs to the doctoral level will mean that: a. NPs licensed in one state may practice in other states. b. full prescriptive authority will be granted to all NPs with doctoral degrees. c. NPs will be better prepared to meet emerging health care needs of patients. d. requirements for physician supervision of NPs will be removed in all states. ANS: C The American Association of Colleges of Nursing has recommended transitioning graduate level NP programs to the doctoral level as a response to changes in health care delivery and emerging health care needs. NPs with doctoral degrees will not necessarily have full prescriptive authority or be freed from requirements about physician supervision because those are subject to individual state laws. NPs will still be required to meet licensure requirements of each state. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: 12 6. An important difference between physician assistants (PAs) and NPs is PAs: a. always work under physician supervision. b. are not required to follow drug treatment protocols. c. may write for all drug categories with physician co-signatures. d. have both inpatient and outpatient independent prescriptive authority. ANS: A PAs commonly have co-signature requirements and work under physician supervision. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: 17 Chapter 03: General Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Principles Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A primary care nurse practitioner (NP) prescribes a drug to an 80-year-old African- American woman. When selecting a drug and determining the correct dose, the NP should understand that the knowledge of how age, race, and gender may affect drug excretion is based on an understanding of: a. bioavailability. b. pharmacokinetics. c. pharmacodynamics. d. anatomy and physiology. ANS: B Pharmacokinetics is the study of the action of drugs in the body and may be thought of as what the body does to the drug. Factors such as age, race, and gender may change the way the body acts to metabolize and excrete a drug. Bioavailability refers to the amount of drug available at the site of action. Pharmacodynamics is the study of the effects of drugs on the body. Anatomy and physiology is a basic understanding of how the body functions. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: 21 2. A patient asks the primary care NP which medication to use for mild to moderate pain. The NP should recommend: a. APAP. b. Tylenol. c. acetaminophen. d. any over-the-counter pain product. ANS: C Providers should use generic drug names when prescribing drugs or recommending them to patients, unless a particular brand is essential for some reason. Because acetaminophen can have many trade names, it is important for patients to understand that the drug is the same for all to avoid overdosing on acetaminophen. APAP is a commonly used abbreviation but should not be used when recommending the drug to patients. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) REF: 21 3. A patient wants to know why a cheaper version of a drug cannot be used when the primary care NP writes a prescription for a specific brand name of the drug and writes, “Dispense as Written.” The NP should explain that a different brand of this drug: a. may cause different adverse effects. b. does not necessarily have the same therapeutic effect. c. is likely to be less safe than the brand specified in the prescription. d. may vary in the amount of drug that reaches the site of action in the body. ANS: D Different formulations of the same drug may have varying degrees of bioavailability, and it may be important to stick to a particular brand for drugs with narrow therapeutic ranges. All drugs with similar active ingredients should have the same therapeutic actions and side effects and should be equally safe. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) REF: 22 4. A primary care NP wishes to order a drug that will be effective immediately after administration of the drug. Which route should the NP choose? a. Rectal b. Topical c. Sublingual d. Intramuscular ANS: C The sublingual route is preferred for quick action because the drug is directly absorbed into the bloodstream and avoids the pass through of the liver, where much of an oral drug is metabolized. Rectal routes have unpredictable absorption rates. Topical routes are the slowest. Intramuscular routes are slow. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: 22 5. A patient receives an inhaled corticosteroid to treat asthma. The patient asks the primary care NP why the drug is given by this route instead of orally. The NP should explain that the inhaled form: a. is absorbed less quickly. b. has reduced bioavailability. c. has fewer systemic side effects. d. provides dosing that is easier to regulate. ANS: C An inhaled corticosteroid goes directly to the site of action and does not have to pass through gastrointestinal tract absorption or the liver to get to the lungs. It is generally well absorbed at this site, although dosing is not necessarily easier to regulate because it is not always clear how much of an inhaled drug gets into the lungs. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) REF: 21 6. A patient takes an oral medication that causes gastrointestinal upset. The patient asks the primary care NP why the drug information insert cautions against using antacids while taking the drug. The NP should explain that the antacid may: a. alter drug absorption. b. alter drug distribution. c. lead to drug toxicity. d. increase stomach upset. ANS: A Changing the pH of the gastric mucosa can alter the absorption of the drug. Drug distribution is not affected. It may indirectly cause drug toxicity if a significant amount more of the drug is absorbed. It would decrease stomach upset. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) REF: 22 7. A patient will begin taking two drugs that are both protein-bound. The primary care NP should: a. prescribe increased doses of both drugs. b. monitor drug levels, actions, and side effects. c. teach the patient to increase intake of protein. d. stagger the doses of drugs to be given 1 hour apart. ANS: B Protein-bound drugs bind to albumin, and serum albumin levels may affect how drugs are distributed. The provider should monitor drug levels, actions, and side effects and change dosing accordingly. Increasing the dose of both drugs is not recommended unless monitoring indicates. Increasing dietary protein does not affect this. Staggering the drugs will not affect this. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) REF: 25 8. A patient is taking drug A and drug B. The primary care NP notes increased effects of drug B. The NP should suspect that in this case drug A is a cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme: a. inhibitor. b. substrate. c. inducer. d. metabolizer. ANS: A If drug A is a CYP450 enzyme inhibitor, it decreases the capacity of the enzyme to metabolize drug B, causing more of drug B to be available. A substrate is a drug acted on by the enzyme. If drug B is an enzyme inducer, it would cause increased metabolism of drug A. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application)

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Subido en
5 de febrero de 2025
Número de páginas
310
Escrito en
2024/2025
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TEST BANK
FOR
ADAMS,
PHARMACOLOGY
FOR NURSES: A
PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC
TH
APPROACH, 5
EDITION

,Exam 1
CHPT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 20, 21


Adams, Pharmacology for Nurses: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 5/E
Chapter 1
Question 1
Type: MCMA

The nurse is teaching a pharmacology class to student nurses. What does the nurse include as key
events in the history of pharmacology?

Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

Standard Text: Select all that apply.

1. Initial drugs included morphine, cocaine, and penicillin.

2. Early researchers used themselves as test subjects.

3. The initial intention of pharmacology was to relieve human suffering.

4. Modern pharmacology began in the early 1600s.

5. Pharmacologists synthesized drugs in the laboratory in the twentieth century.

Correct Answer: 2,3,5

Rationale 1: Initial drugs isolated from complex mixtures included morphine, colchicines,
curare, and cocaine, but not penicillin.

Rationale 2: Some early researchers, such as Friedrich Serturner, used themselves as test
subjects.

Rationale 3: The early roots of pharmacology included the application of products to relieve
human suffering.

Rationale 4: Modern pharmacology began in the early 1800s, not the 1600s.

Rationale 5: By the twentieth century, pharmacologists could synthesize drugs in the laboratory.

Global Rationale: The early roots of pharmacology included the application of products to
relieve human suffering, and early researchers used themselves as test subjects. Initial drugs
included morphine, colchicines, curare, and cocaine, but not penicillin. Modern pharmacology
began in the early 1800s, not the 1600s. By the twentieth century, pharmacologists could
synthesize drugs in the laboratory.

Cognitive Level: Applying

,Exam 1
CHPT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 20, 21
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
QSEN Competencies: I.A.1 Integrate understanding of multiple dimensions of patient centered
care: patient/family/community preferences, values; coordination and integration of care;
information, communication, and education; physical comfort and emotional support;
involvement of family and friends; and transition and community.
AACN Essential Competencies: I.7 Integrate the knowledge and methods of a variety of
disciplines to inform decision making.
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Integration of knowledge from nursing and other
disciplines.
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 1-1 Identify key events in the history of pharmacology.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1 Apply basic concepts related to pharmacology.
Page Number: 3



Question 2
Type: MCSA

The student nurse asks the nursing instructor why he needs to take anatomy and physiology, as
well as microbiology, when he only wants to learn about pharmacology. What is the best
response by the instructor?

1. "Because pharmacology is an outgrowth of those subjects."

2. "You must learn all, since those subjects, as well as pharmacology, are part of the curriculum."

3. "Knowledge of all those subjects will prepare you to provide the best patient care, including
the administration of medications."

4. "Because an understanding of those subjects is essential to understanding pharmacology."

Correct Answer: 4

Rationale 1: Pharmacology is an outgrowth of anatomy, physiology, and microbiology, but this
is not the most complete reason for the nurse to learn them.

Rationale 2: The nurse must learn anatomy, physiology, and microbiology to understand
pharmacology, not because they are part of the curriculum.

Rationale 3: Knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and microbiology prepares the nurse to
understand pharmacology, not to provide care such as administration of medications.




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Exam 1
CHPT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 20, 21
Rationale 4: It is essential for the nurse to have a broad knowledge base of many sciences in
order to learn pharmacology.

Global Rationale: It is essential for the nurse to have a broad knowledge base of many sciences
in order to learn pharmacology. The nurse must learn anatomy, physiology, and microbiology to
understand pharmacology, not because they are part of the curriculum. Pharmacology is an
outgrowth of anatomy, physiology, and microbiology, but this is not the reason for the nurse to
learn them. Knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and microbiology prepares the nurse to
understand pharmacology, not to provide care such as administration of medications.

Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
QSEN Competencies: I.A.1 Integrate understanding of multiple dimensions of patient centered
care: patient/family/community preferences, values; coordination and integration of care;
information, communication, and education; physical comfort and emotional support;
involvement of family and friends; and transition and community.
AACN Essential Competencies: I.7 Integrate the knowledge and methods of a variety of
disciplines to inform decision making.
NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Integration of knowledge from nursing and other
disciplines.
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 1-2 Explain the interdisciplinary nature of pharmacology, giving an
example of how knowledge from different sciences impacts the nurse’s role in drug
administration.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1.1 Apply basic concepts related to pharmacology.
Page Number: 3



Question 3
Type: MCMA

The nursing instructor is teaching a pharmacology class to student nurses. The current focus is
pharmacology and therapeutics. The nursing instructor determines that learning has occurred
when the students make which comments?

Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

Standard Text: Select all that apply.

1. "Pharmacology is the development of medicines."

2. "Pharmacology is the study of medicines."




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