Biology Campbell Biology Final Exam Questions with
Answer Graded A+ 2025/2026
In animal cells and in the meristem cells of land plants, the nuclear
envelope disintegrates during mitosis. This disintegration does not occur in
the cells of most protists and fungi. According to our current knowledge of
plant evolution, which group of organisms should feature mitosis most
similar to that of land plants?
A) unicellular green algae
B) cyanobacteria
C) charophytes
D) red algae
E) multicellular green algae - C) charophytes
Some green algae exhibit alternation of generations. All land plants exhibit
alternation of generations. No charophytes exhibit alternation of
generations. Keeping in mind the recent evidence from molecular
systematics, the correct interpretation of these observations is that
A) charophytes are not related to either green algae or land plants.
B) plants evolved alternation of generations independently of green algae.
C) alternation of generations cannot be beneficial to charophytes.
D) land plants evolved directly from the green algae that perform
alternation of generations.
E) scientists have no evidence to indicate whether or not land plants
evolved from any kind of alga. - B) plants evolved alternation of generations
independently of green algae.
Which taxon is essentially equivalent to the "embryophytes"?
A) Viridiplantae
B) Plantae
C) Pterophyta
D) Bryophyta
E) Charophycea - B) Plantae
A student encounters a pondweed which, judging from its appearance,
seems to be a charophyte. She brings a sample back to her biology lab.
Using only a compound light microscope to study the sample, which of the
,following features should help her to determine whether the sample comes
from a charophyte or from some other type of green alga?
1. molecular structure of enzymes inside peroxisomes
2. structure of sperm cells
3. presence of phragmoplasts
4. rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes
A) 1 and 3
B) 1 and 4
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 3, and 4
E) 2, 3, and 4 Answer: - E) 2, 3, and 4
Given its composition and location, the phragmoplast should be directly
involved in the
A) segregation of daughter chromosomes during anaphase.
B) poleward migration of centrosomes during prophase.
C) synthesis of sporopollenin during G1 and G2 phases.
D) construction of the cell plate during cytokinesis.
E) reinforcement of the nuclear envelope during S phase. - D) construction
of the cell plate during cytokinesis.
Structurally, phragmoplasts should be most similar to
A) the nuclear lamina.
B) the myofilaments of muscle cells.
C) the internal support structures of microvilli.
D) the cytoskeletal elements that produce cytoplasmic streaming and
amoeboid motion.
E) spindle fibers. - E) spindle fibers.
The functional role of sporopollenin is primarily to
A) comprise spore surface structures that catch the wind and assist in
spore dispersal.
B) reduce dehydration.
C) make spores less dense and able to disperse mods readily.
D) repel toxic chemicals.
, E) provide nutrients to spores. - B) reduce dehydration.
If the kingdom Plantae is someday expanded to include the charophytes,
then the shared derived characteristics of the kingdom will include
1. rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes.
2. chlorophylls a and b
3. alternation of generations.
4. cell walls of cellulose.
5. ability to synthesize sporopollenin.
A) 1 and 5
B) 1, 2, and 3
C) 1, 3, and 5
D) 1, 4, and 5
E) 1, 2, 4, and 5 - A) 1 and 5
Which of the following were probably factors that permitted early plants to
successfully colonize land?
1. the relative number of potential predators (herbivores)
2. the relative number of competitors
3. the relative availability of symbiotic partners
4. air's relative lack of support, compared to water's support
A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 3 and 4
D) 1, 2, and 3
E) 1, 2, and 4 - D) 1, 2, and 3
What is true of charophytes?
A) They are the ancestors of green algae.
B) They are examples of seedless vascular plants.
C) They are the closest living algal relatives of land plants.
D) They share some features in common with land plants, namely spores
surrounded by sporopollenin and alternation of generations. - C) They are
the closest living algal relatives of land plants.
Answer Graded A+ 2025/2026
In animal cells and in the meristem cells of land plants, the nuclear
envelope disintegrates during mitosis. This disintegration does not occur in
the cells of most protists and fungi. According to our current knowledge of
plant evolution, which group of organisms should feature mitosis most
similar to that of land plants?
A) unicellular green algae
B) cyanobacteria
C) charophytes
D) red algae
E) multicellular green algae - C) charophytes
Some green algae exhibit alternation of generations. All land plants exhibit
alternation of generations. No charophytes exhibit alternation of
generations. Keeping in mind the recent evidence from molecular
systematics, the correct interpretation of these observations is that
A) charophytes are not related to either green algae or land plants.
B) plants evolved alternation of generations independently of green algae.
C) alternation of generations cannot be beneficial to charophytes.
D) land plants evolved directly from the green algae that perform
alternation of generations.
E) scientists have no evidence to indicate whether or not land plants
evolved from any kind of alga. - B) plants evolved alternation of generations
independently of green algae.
Which taxon is essentially equivalent to the "embryophytes"?
A) Viridiplantae
B) Plantae
C) Pterophyta
D) Bryophyta
E) Charophycea - B) Plantae
A student encounters a pondweed which, judging from its appearance,
seems to be a charophyte. She brings a sample back to her biology lab.
Using only a compound light microscope to study the sample, which of the
,following features should help her to determine whether the sample comes
from a charophyte or from some other type of green alga?
1. molecular structure of enzymes inside peroxisomes
2. structure of sperm cells
3. presence of phragmoplasts
4. rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes
A) 1 and 3
B) 1 and 4
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 3, and 4
E) 2, 3, and 4 Answer: - E) 2, 3, and 4
Given its composition and location, the phragmoplast should be directly
involved in the
A) segregation of daughter chromosomes during anaphase.
B) poleward migration of centrosomes during prophase.
C) synthesis of sporopollenin during G1 and G2 phases.
D) construction of the cell plate during cytokinesis.
E) reinforcement of the nuclear envelope during S phase. - D) construction
of the cell plate during cytokinesis.
Structurally, phragmoplasts should be most similar to
A) the nuclear lamina.
B) the myofilaments of muscle cells.
C) the internal support structures of microvilli.
D) the cytoskeletal elements that produce cytoplasmic streaming and
amoeboid motion.
E) spindle fibers. - E) spindle fibers.
The functional role of sporopollenin is primarily to
A) comprise spore surface structures that catch the wind and assist in
spore dispersal.
B) reduce dehydration.
C) make spores less dense and able to disperse mods readily.
D) repel toxic chemicals.
, E) provide nutrients to spores. - B) reduce dehydration.
If the kingdom Plantae is someday expanded to include the charophytes,
then the shared derived characteristics of the kingdom will include
1. rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes.
2. chlorophylls a and b
3. alternation of generations.
4. cell walls of cellulose.
5. ability to synthesize sporopollenin.
A) 1 and 5
B) 1, 2, and 3
C) 1, 3, and 5
D) 1, 4, and 5
E) 1, 2, 4, and 5 - A) 1 and 5
Which of the following were probably factors that permitted early plants to
successfully colonize land?
1. the relative number of potential predators (herbivores)
2. the relative number of competitors
3. the relative availability of symbiotic partners
4. air's relative lack of support, compared to water's support
A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 3 and 4
D) 1, 2, and 3
E) 1, 2, and 4 - D) 1, 2, and 3
What is true of charophytes?
A) They are the ancestors of green algae.
B) They are examples of seedless vascular plants.
C) They are the closest living algal relatives of land plants.
D) They share some features in common with land plants, namely spores
surrounded by sporopollenin and alternation of generations. - C) They are
the closest living algal relatives of land plants.
