CVP Exam 1 2025/2026 – Expert-Verified Questions &
Solutions! (Graded A+)
1. Which of the following lung structures is NOT capable of gas exchange with capillaries?
a. Alveolar ducts
b. Respiratory bronchioles
c. Terminal bronchioles - part of the respiratory tree but NO gas exchange
d. Alveoli -
2. The muscle(s) of inspiration that increases the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity by
elevating the first two ribs.
a. Scalenus anterior - side of neck attached to first rib
b. Diaphragm - contraction = increase diameter and A-P diameter, 1- 6 ribs
c. Scalenus muscles - anterior, posterior and medius, at neck 1 and 2 rib -
3. Expiration during normal tidal breathing is accomplished by...
a. Contraction of smooth muscle in the bronchial tree- for inspiration NOT expiration
b. Elastic recoil of the lung tissue and thoracic cage
c. Contraction of the rectus abdominis and internal intercostals muscles - forceful expiration
d. All of the above -
4. Respiratory distress syndrome in a premature new born is most likely due to...
a. Insufficient pulmonary surfactant produced by type II pneumocytes - contained in the alveoli
b. Aspiration of amniotic fluid into the lungs
c. Congenital bacterial pneumonia
d. Atelectasis of one or both lungs -
5. Which of the following accurately describes inspiratory capacity?
a. The amount of air inspired to total lung capacity following a normal inhalation - would not be for
normal inhalation, but for maximum inhalation
b. Total lung capacity minus residual volume -vital capacitance
c. Inspiratory reserve volume - inspiratory capacitance - tidal volume
, d. Vital capacity minus expiratory reserve volume -
6. The amount of air left in the lungs following a normal exhalation would be called...
a. Functional residual capacity
b. Expiratory reserve volume - Functional residual - expiratory reserve volume
c. Residual volume - functional residual capacity - expiratory reserve volume
d. Tidal volume - Area b/w expiratory and inspiratory reserve volume -
7. A patient with a long history of breathing in pollutants would likely have...
a. An increased anatomical dead air space - area b/w trachea to terminal bronchioles
b. An increased alveolar dead air space - damaged or otherwise non-functional surfaces that no
longer exchange gases
c. A decreased physiological dead air space - This is in healthy people
d. A decreased anatomical dead air space - Everyone has same anatomical area -
8. Increased parasympathetic activity would have which effect in the lungs?
a. Bronchoconstriction - caused by increased Ach
b. Bronchodilation - sympathetic discharge
c. Increased secretion of norepinephrine
d. Decreased secretion of acetylcholine -
9. Regarding speech, the lips tongue and soft palate are most important for which function?
a. Phonation - larynx; vocal cords = actual production of sound
b. Resonance - mouth, nose, sinuses, pharynx, chest cavity
c. Attenuation
d. Articulation -
10. Which of the following is considered a normal pulmonary arterial blood pressure?
a. 120/80 - systemic arterial pressure
b. 60/40
c. 25/8
Solutions! (Graded A+)
1. Which of the following lung structures is NOT capable of gas exchange with capillaries?
a. Alveolar ducts
b. Respiratory bronchioles
c. Terminal bronchioles - part of the respiratory tree but NO gas exchange
d. Alveoli -
2. The muscle(s) of inspiration that increases the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity by
elevating the first two ribs.
a. Scalenus anterior - side of neck attached to first rib
b. Diaphragm - contraction = increase diameter and A-P diameter, 1- 6 ribs
c. Scalenus muscles - anterior, posterior and medius, at neck 1 and 2 rib -
3. Expiration during normal tidal breathing is accomplished by...
a. Contraction of smooth muscle in the bronchial tree- for inspiration NOT expiration
b. Elastic recoil of the lung tissue and thoracic cage
c. Contraction of the rectus abdominis and internal intercostals muscles - forceful expiration
d. All of the above -
4. Respiratory distress syndrome in a premature new born is most likely due to...
a. Insufficient pulmonary surfactant produced by type II pneumocytes - contained in the alveoli
b. Aspiration of amniotic fluid into the lungs
c. Congenital bacterial pneumonia
d. Atelectasis of one or both lungs -
5. Which of the following accurately describes inspiratory capacity?
a. The amount of air inspired to total lung capacity following a normal inhalation - would not be for
normal inhalation, but for maximum inhalation
b. Total lung capacity minus residual volume -vital capacitance
c. Inspiratory reserve volume - inspiratory capacitance - tidal volume
, d. Vital capacity minus expiratory reserve volume -
6. The amount of air left in the lungs following a normal exhalation would be called...
a. Functional residual capacity
b. Expiratory reserve volume - Functional residual - expiratory reserve volume
c. Residual volume - functional residual capacity - expiratory reserve volume
d. Tidal volume - Area b/w expiratory and inspiratory reserve volume -
7. A patient with a long history of breathing in pollutants would likely have...
a. An increased anatomical dead air space - area b/w trachea to terminal bronchioles
b. An increased alveolar dead air space - damaged or otherwise non-functional surfaces that no
longer exchange gases
c. A decreased physiological dead air space - This is in healthy people
d. A decreased anatomical dead air space - Everyone has same anatomical area -
8. Increased parasympathetic activity would have which effect in the lungs?
a. Bronchoconstriction - caused by increased Ach
b. Bronchodilation - sympathetic discharge
c. Increased secretion of norepinephrine
d. Decreased secretion of acetylcholine -
9. Regarding speech, the lips tongue and soft palate are most important for which function?
a. Phonation - larynx; vocal cords = actual production of sound
b. Resonance - mouth, nose, sinuses, pharynx, chest cavity
c. Attenuation
d. Articulation -
10. Which of the following is considered a normal pulmonary arterial blood pressure?
a. 120/80 - systemic arterial pressure
b. 60/40
c. 25/8
