1. What is a common complication of long-standing venous
insufficiency?
A. Peripheral neuropathy b) Varicose veins c) Raynaud’s
phenomenon d) Compartment syndrome Answer: b) Varicose veins
Rationale: Chronic venous insufficiency often leads to varicose
veins due to valve failure.
2. What is the typical treatment for a pseudoaneurysm?
A. Surgical excision b) Ultrasound-guided compression c) Venous
stripping d) Angioplasty Answer: b) Ultrasound-guided
compression Rationale: This technique is often used to close the
pseudoaneurysm neck and prevent further blood flow.
3. Which vessel is primarily responsible for venous return from
the brain?
A. Subclavian vein b) Brachiocephalic vein c) Jugular vein d)
Vertebral vein Answer: c) Jugular vein Rationale: The internal
jugular vein is the primary pathway for venous return from the
brain.
4. Which test is the gold standard for evaluating cerebrovascular
disease?
,A. CT angiography b) MR angiography c) Digital subtraction
angiography d) Duplex ultrasound Answer: c) Digital subtraction
angiography Rationale: Digital subtraction angiography is
considered the gold standard for cerebrovascular evaluation.
5. In a patient with an arterial occlusion, what waveform
characteristic is most likely to be observed distally?
A. Monophasic with reduced velocity b) Triphasic with high
resistance c) Biphasic with increased velocity d) Continuous flow
pattern Answer: a) Monophasic with reduced velocity Rationale:
Distal to an occlusion, blood flow becomes monophasic with
reduced velocity due to diminished perfusion.
6. Which condition may result in a tardus-parvus waveform?
A. Proximal stenosis b) Distal embolism c) Arteriovenous
malformation d) Aneurysm Answer: a) Proximal stenosis
Rationale: Tardus-parvus waveforms occur when blood flow is
dampened due to proximal arterial obstruction.
7. What is the primary indicator of a significant stenosis in a
lower extremity artery?
A. Decreased pulse wave amplitude b) Elevated peak systolic
velocity ratio >2.0 c) Increased arterial wall thickness d) Loss of
diastolic flow Answer: b) Elevated peak systolic velocity ratio >2.0
Rationale: A PSV ratio >2.0 between pre- and post-stenotic areas
indicates a significant arterial stenosis.
, 8. Which of the following can result in a false-positive diagnosis of
DVT?
A. Chronic venous insufficiency b) Large lymph nodes c)
Arteriovenous malformation d) Calcified veins Answer: b) Large
lymph nodes Rationale: Enlarged lymph nodes near veins can
mimic the appearance of a DVT on ultrasound.
9. In a post-thrombotic patient, what Doppler finding is
commonly observed?
A. Continuous venous flow b) Pulsatile venous flow c) Absence of
collateral veins d) Hyperdynamic arterial flow Answer: a)
Continuous venous flow Rationale: Continuous flow indicates loss
of normal phasicity, often due to proximal obstruction or scarring
from prior thrombosis.
10. What is the normal response of peripheral arteries to exercise?
A. Increased resistance b) Decreased resistance c) Decreased flow
velocity d) Reversed flow Answer: b) Decreased resistance
Rationale: Exercise causes vasodilation, reducing resistance and
increasing blood flow.
11. What is the primary factor that influences venous return in the
lower extremities?
insufficiency?
A. Peripheral neuropathy b) Varicose veins c) Raynaud’s
phenomenon d) Compartment syndrome Answer: b) Varicose veins
Rationale: Chronic venous insufficiency often leads to varicose
veins due to valve failure.
2. What is the typical treatment for a pseudoaneurysm?
A. Surgical excision b) Ultrasound-guided compression c) Venous
stripping d) Angioplasty Answer: b) Ultrasound-guided
compression Rationale: This technique is often used to close the
pseudoaneurysm neck and prevent further blood flow.
3. Which vessel is primarily responsible for venous return from
the brain?
A. Subclavian vein b) Brachiocephalic vein c) Jugular vein d)
Vertebral vein Answer: c) Jugular vein Rationale: The internal
jugular vein is the primary pathway for venous return from the
brain.
4. Which test is the gold standard for evaluating cerebrovascular
disease?
,A. CT angiography b) MR angiography c) Digital subtraction
angiography d) Duplex ultrasound Answer: c) Digital subtraction
angiography Rationale: Digital subtraction angiography is
considered the gold standard for cerebrovascular evaluation.
5. In a patient with an arterial occlusion, what waveform
characteristic is most likely to be observed distally?
A. Monophasic with reduced velocity b) Triphasic with high
resistance c) Biphasic with increased velocity d) Continuous flow
pattern Answer: a) Monophasic with reduced velocity Rationale:
Distal to an occlusion, blood flow becomes monophasic with
reduced velocity due to diminished perfusion.
6. Which condition may result in a tardus-parvus waveform?
A. Proximal stenosis b) Distal embolism c) Arteriovenous
malformation d) Aneurysm Answer: a) Proximal stenosis
Rationale: Tardus-parvus waveforms occur when blood flow is
dampened due to proximal arterial obstruction.
7. What is the primary indicator of a significant stenosis in a
lower extremity artery?
A. Decreased pulse wave amplitude b) Elevated peak systolic
velocity ratio >2.0 c) Increased arterial wall thickness d) Loss of
diastolic flow Answer: b) Elevated peak systolic velocity ratio >2.0
Rationale: A PSV ratio >2.0 between pre- and post-stenotic areas
indicates a significant arterial stenosis.
, 8. Which of the following can result in a false-positive diagnosis of
DVT?
A. Chronic venous insufficiency b) Large lymph nodes c)
Arteriovenous malformation d) Calcified veins Answer: b) Large
lymph nodes Rationale: Enlarged lymph nodes near veins can
mimic the appearance of a DVT on ultrasound.
9. In a post-thrombotic patient, what Doppler finding is
commonly observed?
A. Continuous venous flow b) Pulsatile venous flow c) Absence of
collateral veins d) Hyperdynamic arterial flow Answer: a)
Continuous venous flow Rationale: Continuous flow indicates loss
of normal phasicity, often due to proximal obstruction or scarring
from prior thrombosis.
10. What is the normal response of peripheral arteries to exercise?
A. Increased resistance b) Decreased resistance c) Decreased flow
velocity d) Reversed flow Answer: b) Decreased resistance
Rationale: Exercise causes vasodilation, reducing resistance and
increasing blood flow.
11. What is the primary factor that influences venous return in the
lower extremities?
