Human Morph 2 PCB 3704 - Exam 1 Questions And Answers Well Detailed 100% Explained Answers.

Function of cardiovascular system - correct answer Nutrition, excretion, coordination and integration by transporting signaling molecules, homeostasis Heart consists of __________ in _______ - correct answer Two pumps in series Right heart - correct answer Pulmonary pump - lungs Left heart - correct answer Systemic pump - body Systemic perfusion organization - correct answer Parallel - tissues receive identical blood composition What are the advantages of parallel organization of perfusion? - correct answer Decreases work of the heart and enables redistribution of blood flow What are the exceptions to the parallel organization? - correct answer Portal systems - capillary beds in series Portal system examples - correct answer Hepatic, renal, hypothalamohypophyseal Heart location - correct answer Mediastinum, surrounded by sternum, lungs, vertebrae Pericardium - correct answer Double membrane of heart, reduces friction, infection causes fluid buildup in pericardial cavity aka tamponade where pressure interferes with function Outer membrane of the heart - correct answer Fibrous pericardium - collagen fibers stabilize position of the heart and vessels Inner membrane of the heart - correct answer Serous pericardium - two layered lining of pericardium Heart wall - correct answer Outer epicardium (parietal and visceral with pericardial cavity between) - myocardium - endocardium parietal pericardium - correct answer Outer dense fibrous layer, areolar tissue, mesothelium Visceral pericardium - correct answer aka epicardium - mesothelium, areolar tissue Myocardium - correct answer Cardiac muscle, associated connective tissues blood vessels and nerves Endocardium - correct answer Inner surfaces of heart including heart valves - areolar tissue, endothelium Atria - correct answer Thin walled upper chambers that receive blood from venous system Ventricles - correct answer Thick walled lower chambers of the heart that pump blood to the arteries What separates the sides of the heart? - correct answer Septum Blood flow through heart - correct answer From interior and superior vena cava blood enters right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonic valve to pulmonary artery and lungs - from pulmonary vein blood enters left atrium - mitral valve - left ventricle - aortic valve and aorta left atrioventricular valve - correct answer (also called "bicuspid" or "mitral") - between L atrium and L ventricle, two cusps right atrioventricular valve - correct answer tricuspid valve, 3 cusps chordae tendineae & papillary muscles - correct answer stringy things that attach to wall using papillary muscles, prevents valve prolapse so blood doesn't flow backwards into atria, Opening and closing due to changes in pressure chordae tendineae - correct answer connective tissue cords that attach to the lower surface of the cusps, arise from papillary muscles papillary muscles - correct answer Cone shaped muscular projections of the inner surface of the ventricles semilunar valves - correct answer prevent retrograde flow from arteries leaving heart, consist of three semilunar flaps or cusps aortic valve - correct answer between left ventricle and aorta pulmonary valve - correct answer between right ventricle and pulmonary artery coronary arteries - correct answer blood vessels that branch from the aorta just beyond aortic valve and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle left coronary artery - correct answer branches into anterior interventricular artery extending down anterior interventricular sulcus and circumflex artery curving left within coronary sulcus towards posterior right coronary artery - correct answer branches into right marginal artery down anterior right ventricle towards apex and posterior interventricular artery down posterior interventricular sulcus towards apex Where do coronary veins empty? - correct answer Into coronary sinus into right atrium except for anterior cardiac veins which empty straight into right atrium What does it mean that blood flow is phasic? - correct answer Less blood flow during systole (contraction) than diastole Arteries - correct answer distribution vessels (take out), regulate pressure using smooth muscle to constrict Capillaries - correct answer thin wall - only ones capable of exchange (virtually no smooth muscle) Endothelium and basal lamina Only retain cells and plasma proteins Veins - correct answer collection vessels, store blood by dilating veins so in emergency can have more blood Same structure as arteries with thinner tunica media and large ones have values preventing backflow Artery histology - correct answer Tunica adventia (externa) - loose connective tissue Tunica media - smooth muscle, 1 circular orientation Tunica interna - connective tissue + endothelium Arterioles - correct answer small arteries preceding capillary beds, site of majority of vascular resistance Sinusoids - correct answer Large veins with large capacity surrounded by capillary beds Venules - correct answer Connect capillaries to veins, endothelium connective tissue & thin tunica media What percent of blood is in the pulmonary and systemic