IBHRE CEPS 2025: LATEST UPDATED
GUARANTEED PASS!!
1.Class 1 Antiarrhythmics - ANSWER block the rapid sodium channel
decrease speed of depolarization
2. Class 2 antiarrhythmics - ANSWER beta blockers
decrease sympathetic tone
3. Class 3 antiarrhythmics - ANSWER K channel block, prolong refractory period;
dofelitide, sotolol, amiodarone, ibutilide
4. Class 4 antiarrhythmics - ANSWER Calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil)
mainly affect SA and AV nodes
5. Class 5 antiarrhythmics - ANSWER digitalis agents
digitoxin and digoxin
6. Class 1A antiarrhythmics - ANSWER Quinidine
Procainamide
Disopyramide
prolong action potential
"After"
7. Class 1B antiarrhythmics - ANSWER lidocaine, phenytoin, tocainide, mexiletine
shorten duration of AP
decrease refractoriness
"before"
shorten action potential
8. Class 1C antiarrhythmics - ANSWER flecainide, encainide, propfenone, moricizine
marked slowing of upstroke of AP
9. what drugs list bradycardia as a Side effect - ANSWER beta blockers
calcium blockers
amiodarone
10. Class 1B side effects - ANSWER CNS effects
11. normal SACT - ANSWER 50-125ms
evaluates for SA node exit block
,12. SA node is richly intervated by what - ANSWER both sympathetic and
parasympathetic
13. CCW flutter - ANSWER inferior leads (-)
V1 (+)
V6(-)
14. CW flutter - ANSWER Inferior leads (+)
V1 (-)
V6 (+)
15. functions of the av node - ANSWER wenkebach cycle length
refractory periods
conduction curve
dual av nodal physiology
16. anything that causes loss of AV synchrony can cause what - ANSWER PMT
(fix by extending PVARP)
17. what is the crista terminalis - ANSWER prominate ridge dividing trabeculated
anterior and smooth wall in the RA
18. what makes up the triangle of Koch - ANSWER Coronary os, tendon of tadero,
tricuspid valve
19. normal AH interval - ANSWER 55-125 ms
20. normal HV interval - ANSWER 35-55 ms
(not effected by sedation)
21. position 1 in NGB code - ANSWER chambers paced
0
A
V
D
22. position 2 in NGB code - ANSWER Chambers sensed
o
A
V
D
23. position 3 in NGB code - ANSWER response to sensing
O-none
I-inhibit
,T-Trigger
D- inhibit and trigger
24. position 4 in NGB code - ANSWER rate modulation
O-none
R- Rate modulation
25. what percentage of people have retrograde conduction - ANSWER 66%
26. what is the purpose of safety pacing? - ANSWER ensure ventricular pacing in spite
of crosstalk
27. what parameters would one most likely program to correct the problem of cross talk
? - ANSWER V blanking
A output
V sensitivity
28. what type of tachycardia typically occurs within 48 hrs of an acute MI and accounts
for about 20% of cardiac deaths - ANSWER automatic
29. which types of tachycardia is typically non-inducible , younger patients with heart
disease and often provoked by exercise - ANSWER outflow tract
30. cross talk Is most commonly what - ANSWER atrial output sensed on the ventricular
channel
31.midazolam - ANSWER what is the common name for Versed
32. .04 mg/kg - ANSWER standard adult dose of atropine
33. half dose - ANSWER how much NPH insulin should a patient be administered prior
to an EP study? (they are fasting think about blood sugar)
34. 4-8 weeks - ANSWER What is the elimination half life of amiodarone?
35. 4 half lives - ANSWER how long should an anti arrhythmic drug be discontinued
prior to EP study?
36. sodium channel - ANSWER what do class I drugs primarily affect?
37. slope of phase 0 (depolarization speed) - ANSWER what do class 1 drugs effect on
sodium channels primarily do?
38. Class 1A drugs - ANSWER slow conduction velocity and increase refractoriness
, 39. Class 1B drugs - ANSWER drugs that shorten refractory periods
40. Class 1C drugs - ANSWER pronounced depressants on conduction velocity
41. class II drugs - ANSWER What class antiarrhythmic are beta blockers
42. Class II Drugs (Beta Blockers) - ANSWER Prevent catecholamine-mediated action
on the heart, blocks sympathetic nervous system cardiac effects (no effect on AP,
decreases sympathetic tone)
43. `class III drugs - ANSWER increase AP duration by increasing refractoriness but do
not affect conduction velocity
44. class IV drugs - ANSWER calcium channel blockers (primarily affecting SA and AV
nodes)
45. Class V drugs - ANSWER digitalis agents that are used to increase parasympathetic
activity
46. Class IA drug examples - ANSWER procainamide, disopyrimidine, quinidine
47. Class IB drug examples - ANSWER Lidocaine Mexiletine
48. Class IC drug examples - ANSWER Flecainide, Propafenone, Encainide
49. Class II antiarrhythmic drug examples (beta blockers) - ANSWER propanolol,
metoprolol, atenolol, esmolol
50. class III drug examples - ANSWER amiodarone, ibutilide, sotolol, dofetilide
51. Class IV drug examples - ANSWER Verapamil, Diltiazem
52. 1:1 (10 mg/1000 units) - ANSWER what is the ratio that heparin and protamine
counteract eachother?
53. 2.0-3.0 - ANSWER INR needed for heparinizing a left sided case
54. prothrombin to thrombin - ANSWER what part of the coagulation cascade does
heparin block?
55. after gaining venous access - ANSWER when is heparin usually administered
during a case requiring a transeptal puncture?
56. hypotension - ANSWER what can happen if procainamide is administered too
quickly?
GUARANTEED PASS!!
1.Class 1 Antiarrhythmics - ANSWER block the rapid sodium channel
decrease speed of depolarization
2. Class 2 antiarrhythmics - ANSWER beta blockers
decrease sympathetic tone
3. Class 3 antiarrhythmics - ANSWER K channel block, prolong refractory period;
dofelitide, sotolol, amiodarone, ibutilide
4. Class 4 antiarrhythmics - ANSWER Calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil)
mainly affect SA and AV nodes
5. Class 5 antiarrhythmics - ANSWER digitalis agents
digitoxin and digoxin
6. Class 1A antiarrhythmics - ANSWER Quinidine
Procainamide
Disopyramide
prolong action potential
"After"
7. Class 1B antiarrhythmics - ANSWER lidocaine, phenytoin, tocainide, mexiletine
shorten duration of AP
decrease refractoriness
"before"
shorten action potential
8. Class 1C antiarrhythmics - ANSWER flecainide, encainide, propfenone, moricizine
marked slowing of upstroke of AP
9. what drugs list bradycardia as a Side effect - ANSWER beta blockers
calcium blockers
amiodarone
10. Class 1B side effects - ANSWER CNS effects
11. normal SACT - ANSWER 50-125ms
evaluates for SA node exit block
,12. SA node is richly intervated by what - ANSWER both sympathetic and
parasympathetic
13. CCW flutter - ANSWER inferior leads (-)
V1 (+)
V6(-)
14. CW flutter - ANSWER Inferior leads (+)
V1 (-)
V6 (+)
15. functions of the av node - ANSWER wenkebach cycle length
refractory periods
conduction curve
dual av nodal physiology
16. anything that causes loss of AV synchrony can cause what - ANSWER PMT
(fix by extending PVARP)
17. what is the crista terminalis - ANSWER prominate ridge dividing trabeculated
anterior and smooth wall in the RA
18. what makes up the triangle of Koch - ANSWER Coronary os, tendon of tadero,
tricuspid valve
19. normal AH interval - ANSWER 55-125 ms
20. normal HV interval - ANSWER 35-55 ms
(not effected by sedation)
21. position 1 in NGB code - ANSWER chambers paced
0
A
V
D
22. position 2 in NGB code - ANSWER Chambers sensed
o
A
V
D
23. position 3 in NGB code - ANSWER response to sensing
O-none
I-inhibit
,T-Trigger
D- inhibit and trigger
24. position 4 in NGB code - ANSWER rate modulation
O-none
R- Rate modulation
25. what percentage of people have retrograde conduction - ANSWER 66%
26. what is the purpose of safety pacing? - ANSWER ensure ventricular pacing in spite
of crosstalk
27. what parameters would one most likely program to correct the problem of cross talk
? - ANSWER V blanking
A output
V sensitivity
28. what type of tachycardia typically occurs within 48 hrs of an acute MI and accounts
for about 20% of cardiac deaths - ANSWER automatic
29. which types of tachycardia is typically non-inducible , younger patients with heart
disease and often provoked by exercise - ANSWER outflow tract
30. cross talk Is most commonly what - ANSWER atrial output sensed on the ventricular
channel
31.midazolam - ANSWER what is the common name for Versed
32. .04 mg/kg - ANSWER standard adult dose of atropine
33. half dose - ANSWER how much NPH insulin should a patient be administered prior
to an EP study? (they are fasting think about blood sugar)
34. 4-8 weeks - ANSWER What is the elimination half life of amiodarone?
35. 4 half lives - ANSWER how long should an anti arrhythmic drug be discontinued
prior to EP study?
36. sodium channel - ANSWER what do class I drugs primarily affect?
37. slope of phase 0 (depolarization speed) - ANSWER what do class 1 drugs effect on
sodium channels primarily do?
38. Class 1A drugs - ANSWER slow conduction velocity and increase refractoriness
, 39. Class 1B drugs - ANSWER drugs that shorten refractory periods
40. Class 1C drugs - ANSWER pronounced depressants on conduction velocity
41. class II drugs - ANSWER What class antiarrhythmic are beta blockers
42. Class II Drugs (Beta Blockers) - ANSWER Prevent catecholamine-mediated action
on the heart, blocks sympathetic nervous system cardiac effects (no effect on AP,
decreases sympathetic tone)
43. `class III drugs - ANSWER increase AP duration by increasing refractoriness but do
not affect conduction velocity
44. class IV drugs - ANSWER calcium channel blockers (primarily affecting SA and AV
nodes)
45. Class V drugs - ANSWER digitalis agents that are used to increase parasympathetic
activity
46. Class IA drug examples - ANSWER procainamide, disopyrimidine, quinidine
47. Class IB drug examples - ANSWER Lidocaine Mexiletine
48. Class IC drug examples - ANSWER Flecainide, Propafenone, Encainide
49. Class II antiarrhythmic drug examples (beta blockers) - ANSWER propanolol,
metoprolol, atenolol, esmolol
50. class III drug examples - ANSWER amiodarone, ibutilide, sotolol, dofetilide
51. Class IV drug examples - ANSWER Verapamil, Diltiazem
52. 1:1 (10 mg/1000 units) - ANSWER what is the ratio that heparin and protamine
counteract eachother?
53. 2.0-3.0 - ANSWER INR needed for heparinizing a left sided case
54. prothrombin to thrombin - ANSWER what part of the coagulation cascade does
heparin block?
55. after gaining venous access - ANSWER when is heparin usually administered
during a case requiring a transeptal puncture?
56. hypotension - ANSWER what can happen if procainamide is administered too
quickly?
