ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY Interventions and Treatments - Barlow & Durand 7th edition||Abnormal Psychology

Interventions and Treatments - Barlow & Durand Ab o Catharsis
Psy 7th Ed  Reliving-emotional-trauma
ANXIETY-DISORDERS o Imaginal-exposure
 Content-of-the-trauma-and-emotions-
Treatment-of-Anxiety-Disorders associated-with-it-are-worked-through-
 Generalized-Anxiety-Disorder systematically
- Benzodiazepines - Cognitive-therapy
o Give-short-term-relief o To-correct-negative-assumptions-about-the-
o Carry-risks-–-impair-both-cognitive-and-motor- trauma-e.g.,-blaming-oneself,-feeling-guilty
functioning - Drugs
o Associated-with-falls-in-older-adults,-resulting- o Prozac-(SSRI)
in-hip-fractures o Paxil-(SSRI)
o Produce-both-psychological-and-
physical-dependence OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE-AND-
- Antidepressants- (SSRI) RELATED-DISORDERS
o Paroxetine-(aka-Paxil)
o Escitalopram-(aka-Lexapro) Treatment-of-Obsessive-Compulsive-and-Related-
o Duloxetine-(aka-Cymbalta) Disorders
o Venlafaxine-(aka-Effexor)  Obsessive-Compulsive-Disorder
- Psychological-treatments - Drugs-(SSRI)
o Using-images-to-feel-(rather-than-avoid- o Clomipramine-(aka-Anafranil)
feeling)-anxious  Relapse-occurs-when-discontinued
o Relaxing-deeply-to-combat-tension - Exposure-and-Ritual-Prevention-(ERP)
 Panic-Disorder-and-Agoraphobia o Most-effective-approach
- Gradual-exposure-exercises,-combined-with- o Rituals-are-actively-prevented-and-patient-is-
anxiety-reducing-coping-mechanisms-such- systematically-and-gradually-exposed-to-the-
as-relaxation-or-breathing-retraining feared-thoughts-or-situations
- Panic-Control-Treatment-(PCT) - Cognitive-treatments
o Exposing-patients-to-the-cluster-of- o Focus:-overestimation-of-threat,-importance-
interoceptive-(physical)-sensations- and-control-of-intrusive-thoughts,-sense-of-
that-remind-them-of-their-panic-attack inflated-responsibility,-need-for-
- Cognitive-behavioral- program perfectionism-and-certainty
o Calm-Tools-for-Living - Psychosurgery
 Clinician-and-patient-sit-side-by-side-as- o A-misnomer-that-refers-to-neurosurgery-for-a-
they-both-view-the-program-on-screen psychological-disorder
 Helps-patient-establish-a-fear-hierarchy,-  Body-Dysmorphic-Disorder
demonstrate-breathing-skills,-or-design- - Drugs-(SSRI)
exposure-assignments o Clomipramine-(aka-Anafranil)
 Specific-Phobia o Fluvoxamine
- Structured-and-consistent-exposure- - Cognitive-Behavioral- Therapy- (CBT)
based-exercises o Exposure-and-response-prevention
 Social-Anxiety-Disorder-(Social-Phobia) o Produce-better-and-longer-lasting-outcomes-
than-medication-alone
- Cognitive-therapy-program
- Dermatology-(skin)-treatment
o Emphasizes-real-life-experiences-to-
disprove-automatic-perceptions-of-danger o Most-often-received
- Plastic-surgery
- Interpersonal-Psychotherapy-(IPT)
o Most-common-procedures:-rhinoplasties-
- Family-based-treatment
(nose-jobs),-facelifts,-eyeshadow-
o Better-than-individual-treatment-if-parents-
elevations,-liposuction,-breast-
also-have-an-anxiety-disorder
augmentation,-surgery-to-alter-the-jawline
- Drugs
o Paxil-(SSRI)  Hoarding-Disorder
o Zoloft-(SSRI) - Teaching-people-to-assign-different-values-to-
o Effexor-(SSRI) objects
o D-cycloserine-(DCS)-+-CBT-treatments-=- - Reducing-anxiety-about-throwing-away-items-that-
enhanced-effect-of-treatment are-somewhat-less-valued
 Trichotillomania-and-Excoriation
- - TRAUMA-AND-STRESSOR-RELATED-DISORDERS- - Habit-Reversal-Training
o Patients-are-carefully-taught-to-be-more-
Treatment-of-Trauma-and-Stressor-Related-Disorders aware-of-their-repetitive-behavior,-particularly
 Posttraumatic-Stress-Disorder
- Psychoanalytic- therapy

, as-it-is-just-about-to-begin,-and-to-then- - Antidepressants
substitute-a-different-behavior o SSRIs
- SSRIs-(for-Trichotillomania)  Fluoxetine-(Prozac)-–-best-known
o Mixed-reuptake-inhibitors
-- SOMATIC-SYMPTOM-AND-RELATED-DISORDERS  Venlafaxine-(Effexor)-–-best-known
o Tricyclic-antidepressants
Treatment-of-Somatic-Symptom-and-Related-  Most-widely-used-treatment-before-SSRI
Disorders  Imipramine-(Tofranil)-and-
 Somatic-Symptom-Disorder-and-Illness-Anxiety- amitriptyline-(Elavil)-–-best-known
Disorder  Side-effects:-blurred-vision,-dry-mouth,-
- Reassurance-and-education constipation,-difficulty-urinating,-
- Reducing-the-frequency-of-help-seeking- drowsiness,-weight-gain,-sexual-
behaviors-(e.g.,-assigning-a-gatekeeper- dysfunction
physician-to-each-patient-to-screen-all-physical-  Lethal-if-taken-in-excessive-doses
complaints) o Monoamine-oxidase-(MOA)-inhibitors
- Cognitive-Behavioral- Therapy- (CBT)  Block-the-enzyme-MAO-that-breaks-down-
- Antidepressant-(SSRI) such-neurotransmitters-as-
o Paroxetine-(aka-Paxil) norepinephrine-and-serotonin
 Conversion-Disorder-(Functional-  Used-far-less-often-because-of-two-
Neurological-Symptom-Disorder) potentially-serious-consequences:-
- Identify-and-attend-to-the-traumatic-or-stressful- hypertensive-episodes-or-death,-when-
life-event,-if-it-is-still-present-(either-in-real-life-or- eating-and-drinking-foods-and-beverages-
memory) containing-tyramine
- Reduce-any-reinforcing-or-supportive- o Lithium-carbonate-(Lithium)
consequences-of-the-conversion-  Found-in-our-drinking-water
symptoms-(secondary-gain)  Side-effects:-toxicity-(poisoning),-
lowered-thyroid-functioning,-substantial-
DISSOCIATIVE-DISORDERS weight-gain
 Major-advantage:-effective-in-
Treatment-of-Dissociative-Disorders preventing-and-treating-manic-episodes
 Depersonalization-Derealization- Disorder  Most-often-referred-to-as-a-„mood--
- Psychological-treatments-similar-to-those- stabilizing-drug‟
for-panic-disorder-may-be-helpful
- Stresses-associated-with-onset-of-
disorder-should-be-addressed
 Dissociative-Fugue
- Recalling-what-happened-during-the-amnesic-or-
fugue-state,-often-with-the-help-of-friends-and-
family-who-know-what-happened,-so-the-patient-
can-confront-the-information-and-integrate-it-into-
their-conscious-experience
- Hypnosis
- Benzodiazepines-(minor- tranquilizers)
- Biological-treatments
 Dissociative-Identity-Disorder
o Electroconvulsive-Therapy-(ECT)
- Patient-must-identify-cues-or-triggers-that-
 Most-controversial-treatment-
provoke-memories-of-trauma,-dissociation,-or-
for-psychological-disorders-
both,-and-to-neutralize-them
after-psychosurgery
- Patient-must-confront-and-relive-the-early-trauma-
 Electric-shock-is-administered-directly-
and-gain-control-over-the-horrible-events
through-the-brain-for-less-than-1-second,-
- Therapist-must-help-the-patient-visualize-and-
producing-a-seizure-and-a-series-of-brief-
relive-aspects-of-the-trauma-until-it-is-simply-a-
convulsions-that-usually-lasts-for-several-
terrible-memory
minutes
- Hypnosis-–-to-access-unconscious-memories-and-
o Transcranial-Magnetic-Stimulation
bring-various-alters-into-awareness
 Another-method-for-altering-
electrical-activity-in-the-brain
MOOD-DISORDERS-AND-SUICIDE
- Psychological-treatments
o Cognitive-Behavioral-Therapy-(CBT)
Treatment-of-Mood-Disorders
 Depression