MATERIAL SCIENCE EXAM 1 REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
Materials Science - ANSWER investigating the relationship that exist between
the structures and properties of materials
Materials Engineering - ANSWER engineering the structure of a material to
produce a predetermined property
Mechanical Properties - ANSWER response to mechanical force, strength, etc.
Electrical & Magnetic Properties - ANSWER response electrical and magnetic
fields, conductivity, etc.
Thermal Properties - ANSWER are related to transmission of heat and heat
capacity.
Optical Properties - ANSWER include to absorption, transmission and
scattering of light
Chemical Stability - ANSWER in contact with the environment - corrosion
resistance.
Types of Material (3): - ANSWER 1) Metals: good conductors of electricity,
very ductile and deformable, can be quite strong, good thermal conductor
2) Ceramics: poor conductors of electricity, insulating, very hard but very
brittle, poor thermal conductor
3) Extremely flexible, good thermal and electrical insulator
Composites - ANSWER combination of two or more types of materials,
designed to display a combination of the best properties of each component.
ex) fiberglass, glass fiber in a polymer matrix
Alloys - ANSWER combination of two metals to get a combination of their
properties.
, Semiconductors - ANSWER combination of a metal and a non-metal to create
unique electrical properties.
Primary Interatomic Bonding - ANSWER Ionic Bond, Covalent Bond,
Metallic Bond
Neutrons - ANSWER -has the same mass as protons, 1.67x10^-27 kg.
-have no charge
-# of ______ defines isotope number
Protons - ANSWER -has the same mass as neutrons, 1.67x10^-27 kg.
-have positive charge (1.6x10^-19 Coulombs)
- # of ________ = atomic number (Z)
Electrons - ANSWER -have a mass of 9.11x10^-31 kg
-have negative charge (1.6x10^-19 Coulombs)
Atomic Mass Unit (amu) - ANSWER used to express atomic weight. 1 ____ is
defined as 1/12 of the atomic mass of the most common isotope of carbon atom
that has 6 protons (Z=6) and 6 neutrons (N=6).
Atomic Weight of an Element - ANSWER =weighted average of the atomic
masses of the atroms naturally occuring isotopes.
-is often specified in mass per mole.
mole - ANSWER the amount of matter that has a mass in grams equal to the
atomic mass in amu of the atoms.
Avogadro Number - ANSWER the number of atoms in a mole.
= 6.023 x 10^23 mol^-1*amu/atom= 1 gram/mol
Electronegativity - ANSWER a measure of how willing atoms are to accept
electrons.
-increases from left to right
Low Electronegativity - ANSWER Subshells with one electron
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
Materials Science - ANSWER investigating the relationship that exist between
the structures and properties of materials
Materials Engineering - ANSWER engineering the structure of a material to
produce a predetermined property
Mechanical Properties - ANSWER response to mechanical force, strength, etc.
Electrical & Magnetic Properties - ANSWER response electrical and magnetic
fields, conductivity, etc.
Thermal Properties - ANSWER are related to transmission of heat and heat
capacity.
Optical Properties - ANSWER include to absorption, transmission and
scattering of light
Chemical Stability - ANSWER in contact with the environment - corrosion
resistance.
Types of Material (3): - ANSWER 1) Metals: good conductors of electricity,
very ductile and deformable, can be quite strong, good thermal conductor
2) Ceramics: poor conductors of electricity, insulating, very hard but very
brittle, poor thermal conductor
3) Extremely flexible, good thermal and electrical insulator
Composites - ANSWER combination of two or more types of materials,
designed to display a combination of the best properties of each component.
ex) fiberglass, glass fiber in a polymer matrix
Alloys - ANSWER combination of two metals to get a combination of their
properties.
, Semiconductors - ANSWER combination of a metal and a non-metal to create
unique electrical properties.
Primary Interatomic Bonding - ANSWER Ionic Bond, Covalent Bond,
Metallic Bond
Neutrons - ANSWER -has the same mass as protons, 1.67x10^-27 kg.
-have no charge
-# of ______ defines isotope number
Protons - ANSWER -has the same mass as neutrons, 1.67x10^-27 kg.
-have positive charge (1.6x10^-19 Coulombs)
- # of ________ = atomic number (Z)
Electrons - ANSWER -have a mass of 9.11x10^-31 kg
-have negative charge (1.6x10^-19 Coulombs)
Atomic Mass Unit (amu) - ANSWER used to express atomic weight. 1 ____ is
defined as 1/12 of the atomic mass of the most common isotope of carbon atom
that has 6 protons (Z=6) and 6 neutrons (N=6).
Atomic Weight of an Element - ANSWER =weighted average of the atomic
masses of the atroms naturally occuring isotopes.
-is often specified in mass per mole.
mole - ANSWER the amount of matter that has a mass in grams equal to the
atomic mass in amu of the atoms.
Avogadro Number - ANSWER the number of atoms in a mole.
= 6.023 x 10^23 mol^-1*amu/atom= 1 gram/mol
Electronegativity - ANSWER a measure of how willing atoms are to accept
electrons.
-increases from left to right
Low Electronegativity - ANSWER Subshells with one electron
