SOLUTIONS & INSTRUCTOR MANUAL Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4th Edition by Peter Norvig and Stuart Russell, Chapters 1 – 28

SOLUTIONS & INSTRUCTOR MANUAL
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Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4th Edition
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by Peter Norvig and Stuart Russell, Chapters 1 – 28
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,Artificial Intelligence
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x x x x 1 Introduction ...
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x x x x 2 Intelligent Agents ...
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II Problem-solving
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x x x x 3 Solving Problems by Searching ...
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x x x x 4 Search in Complex Environments ...
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x x x x 5 Adversarial Search and Games ...
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x x x x 6 Constraint Satisfaction Problems ...
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III Knowledge, reasoning, and planning
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x x x x 7 Logical Agents ...
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x x x x 8 First-Order Logic ...
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x x x x 9 Inference in First-Order Logic ...
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x x x x 10 Knowledge Representation ...
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x x x x 11 Automated Planning ...
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IV Uncertain knowledge and reasoning
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x x x x 12 Quantifying Uncertainty ...
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x x x x 13 Probabilistic Reasoning ...
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x x x x 14 Probabilistic Reasoning over Time ...
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x x x x 15 Probabilistic Programming ...
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x x x x 16 Making Simple Decisions ...
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x x x x 17 Making Complex Decisions ...
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x x x x 18 Multiagent Decision Making ...
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V Machine Learning
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, 19 Learning from Examples ...
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20 Learning Probabilistic Models ...
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21 Deep Learning ...
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22 Reinforcement Learning ...
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VI Communicating, perceiving, and acting
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23 Natural Language Processing ...
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24 Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing ...
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25 Computer Vision ...
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26 Robotics ...
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VII Conclusions
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27 Philosophy, Ethics, and Safety of AI ...
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28 The Future of AI
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, EXERCISES x x

1
INTRODUCTION
Note xthat xfor xmany xof xthe xquestions xin xthis xchapter, xwe xgive xreferences xwhere xanswers
xcan xbe xfound xrather xthan xwriting xthem xout—the xfull xanswers xwould xbe xfar xtoo xlong.




1.1 x What Is AI?
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Exercise x1.1.#DEFA
Define xin xyour xown xwords: x (a) xintelligence, x(b) xartificial xintelligence, x(c) xagent, x(d)
xra- xtionality, x(e) xlogical xreasoning.




a. Dictionary xdefinitions xof xintelligence xtalk xabout x“the xcapacity xto xacquire xand
xapply xknowledge” xor x“the xfaculty xof xthought xand xreason” xor x“the xability xto

xcomprehend xand xprofit xfrom xexperience.” x These xare xall xreasonable xanswers,

xbut xif xwe xwant xsomething xquantifiable xwe xwould xuse xsomething xlike x“the xability

xto xact xsuccessfully xacross xa xwide xrange xof xobjectives xin xcomplex xenvironments.”

b. We xdefine xartificial xintelligence xas xthe xstudy xand xconstruction xof xagent
xprograms xthat xperform xwell xin xa xgiven xclass xof xenvironments, xfor xa xgiven xagent

xarchitecture; xthey xdo xthe xright xthing. x An ximportant xpart xof xthat xis xdealing xwith

xthe xuncertainty xof xwhat xthe xcurrent xstate xis, xwhat xthe xoutcome xof xpossible

xactions xmight xbe, xand xwhat xis xit xthat xwe xreally xdesire.

c. We xdefine xan xagent xas xan xentity xthat xtakes xaction xin xresponse xto xpercepts xfrom
xan xenvi- xronment.

d. We xdefine xrationality xas xthe xproperty xof xa xsystem xwhich xdoes xthe x“right xthing”
xgiven xwhat xit xknows. x See xSection x2.2 xfor xa xmore xcomplete xdiscussion. x The

xbasic xconcept xis xperfect xrationality; xSection x?? xdescribes xthe ximpossibility xof

xachieving xperfect xrational- xity xand xproposes xan xalternative xdefinition.

e. We xdefine xlogical xreasoning xas xthe xa xprocess xof xderiving xnew xsentences xfrom xold,
xsuch xthat xthe xnew xsentences xare xnecessarily xtrue xif xthe xold xones xare xtrue. x(Notice

xthat xdoes xnot xrefer xto xany xspecific xsyntax xor xformal xlanguage, xbut xit xdoes xrequire xa

xwell-defined xnotion xof xtruth.)




Exercise x1.1.#TURI
Read xTuring’s xoriginal xpaper xon xAI x(Turing, x1950). x In xthe xpaper, xhe xdiscusses
xseveral xobjections xto xhis xproposed xenterprise xand xhis xtest xfor xintelligence. x Which xobjections

xstill xcarry




© x2023 xPearson xEducation, xHoboken, xNJ. xAll xrights
xreserved.