NYU Pharmacology final
exam latest update with
complete verified solutions
(graded A+)
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors mechanism of action - answer these drugs
prevent cholinesterase enzymes from breaking down acetylcholine to
remain in the synaptic cleft for longer periods of time, thereby
strenghthening its effect.
pneumonic for remembering adverse effects of anticholinergic drugs -
answer Blind as a bat (dilated pupils)
Red as a beet (vasodilation/flushing)
Hot as a hare (hyperthermia)
Dry as a bone (dry skin)
Mad as a hatter (hallucinations/agitation)
Bloated as a Toad (ileus, urinary retention)
And the heart runs alone (tachycardia)
Side effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors - answer vasodilation, pupil
constriction, decreased heart rate, mucus secretion, constriction of
bronchioles, increased secretion of sweat, saliva and tears, GI tract
hypermotility. Certain drugs target the central nervous system and can
cause heightened cognition as well.
Primary Indications for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors - answer Alzheimers
and Dementia. Specifically cognitive functions.
Indications for acetylcisteine - answer when inhaled it is used to loosen
mucus in lung diseases like chronic bronchitis, emphysema cystic fibrosis
and pneumonia.
,when taken orally it acts as an antidote to acetaminophen overdose,
preventing liver damage
Side effects of acetylcisteine - answer inhalation: mouth sores and runny
nose.
orally: severe stomach pain, black stools, vomit that looks like coffee
ground
Acetaminophen drug type - answer antipyretic, non-opioid analgesic
Indications of Acetaminophen - answer fever, mild to moderate pain
Acetaminophen mechanism of action - answer inhibits synthesis of
prostaglandins that may serve as mediators of pain and fever, and effects
hypothalamic heat-regulator center
Nursing considerations for acetaminophen (paracetamol) - answer do not
administer more than 4000mg in 24 hours
Contraindications for acetaminophen - answer should not be given to
patients with sever hepatic problems, and administered cautiously to
patients with high alcohol use.
side effects of acetaminophen - answer hepatoxicity in overdoses,
constipation, skin reactions (steven johnson syndrome), vomiting
Indications for activated charcoal - answer used to treat poison or
overdose
mechanism of action for activated charcoal - answer excessive drugs and
toxins bind to activated charcoal and are then more easily excreted
,indications for albuterol - answer used as a bronchodilator to to control or
treat reversible airway obstruction caused by Asthma or COPD.
mechanism of action for albuterol - answer binds to beta 2 adrenergic
receptors in the smooth muscle airways, causing a decrease in
intracellular calcium, thus relaxing the smooth muscle and opening the
airway.
Side/adverse effects of albuterol - answer paradoxical bronchospasm (if
used to much), nervousness, tremors, restlessness, palpitations, chest
pain.
Nursing consideration for albuterol - answer focused respiratory
assessment before administration. If patient presents with paradoxical
bronchospasm then discontinue immediately
medication classification for allopurinol - answer antigout,
antihyperuremics
indications for allopurinol - answer prevents gouty arthritis and
nephropathy. Can also treat secondary hyperuricemia during leukemia or
treatment of tumors
mechanism of action for allopurinol - answer inhibits the production of uric
acid by inhibiting the production of xanthine oxidase
Contraindications of allopurinol - answer acute cases of gout, renal
insufficiency, dehydration
side/adverse effects of allopurinol - answer rash, renal failure,
hypotension, hypertension, bradycardia, heart failure, drowsiness,
nausea, vomiting, hepatitis, diarrhea, hematuria, bone marrow depression
nursing considerations for allopurinol - answer discontinue at first sign of
rash.
monitor renal functions, blood glucose levels
, ensure proper renal function and hydration before administration.
Hydration promotes diuresis and alkalization of urine.
monitor for joint pain and swelling. May provide NSAIDS to prevent pain
during treatment.
Serum and urine uric levels should decrease 2-3 days after beginning oral
therapy.
Used mostly in patients with Renal impairment or if unresponsive to
uricosurics
indications for aminophylline - answer to treat or prevent constricted
airways in diseases like asthma or COPD
mechanism of action of aminophylline - answer relaxes muscles around
the bronchiole tube causing them to dilate and free up airway.
Nursing considerations for aminophylline - answer do not use on patients
who consume alot of xanthine through products like chocolate or caffeine.
Therapeutic range is 10-20 mcg/ml
given with other drugs
administration routes for aminophylline - answer oral, IV
contraindications for aminophylline - answer should not be given to
patients with renal, cardiac, liver, neurological disorders
side effects/adverse effects of aminophylline - answer disrhythmias,
palpitations, irritability, insomnia, tachycardia, cardiorespiratory collapse,
dizziness, flushing, GI distress, nausea, seizures, nervousness,
hypotension, hyperglycemia, intestinal bleeding
Indications for Amphetamine/ Adderal - answer increases wakefulness in
narcolepsy and attention span + cognition in Adhd
exam latest update with
complete verified solutions
(graded A+)
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors mechanism of action - answer these drugs
prevent cholinesterase enzymes from breaking down acetylcholine to
remain in the synaptic cleft for longer periods of time, thereby
strenghthening its effect.
pneumonic for remembering adverse effects of anticholinergic drugs -
answer Blind as a bat (dilated pupils)
Red as a beet (vasodilation/flushing)
Hot as a hare (hyperthermia)
Dry as a bone (dry skin)
Mad as a hatter (hallucinations/agitation)
Bloated as a Toad (ileus, urinary retention)
And the heart runs alone (tachycardia)
Side effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors - answer vasodilation, pupil
constriction, decreased heart rate, mucus secretion, constriction of
bronchioles, increased secretion of sweat, saliva and tears, GI tract
hypermotility. Certain drugs target the central nervous system and can
cause heightened cognition as well.
Primary Indications for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors - answer Alzheimers
and Dementia. Specifically cognitive functions.
Indications for acetylcisteine - answer when inhaled it is used to loosen
mucus in lung diseases like chronic bronchitis, emphysema cystic fibrosis
and pneumonia.
,when taken orally it acts as an antidote to acetaminophen overdose,
preventing liver damage
Side effects of acetylcisteine - answer inhalation: mouth sores and runny
nose.
orally: severe stomach pain, black stools, vomit that looks like coffee
ground
Acetaminophen drug type - answer antipyretic, non-opioid analgesic
Indications of Acetaminophen - answer fever, mild to moderate pain
Acetaminophen mechanism of action - answer inhibits synthesis of
prostaglandins that may serve as mediators of pain and fever, and effects
hypothalamic heat-regulator center
Nursing considerations for acetaminophen (paracetamol) - answer do not
administer more than 4000mg in 24 hours
Contraindications for acetaminophen - answer should not be given to
patients with sever hepatic problems, and administered cautiously to
patients with high alcohol use.
side effects of acetaminophen - answer hepatoxicity in overdoses,
constipation, skin reactions (steven johnson syndrome), vomiting
Indications for activated charcoal - answer used to treat poison or
overdose
mechanism of action for activated charcoal - answer excessive drugs and
toxins bind to activated charcoal and are then more easily excreted
,indications for albuterol - answer used as a bronchodilator to to control or
treat reversible airway obstruction caused by Asthma or COPD.
mechanism of action for albuterol - answer binds to beta 2 adrenergic
receptors in the smooth muscle airways, causing a decrease in
intracellular calcium, thus relaxing the smooth muscle and opening the
airway.
Side/adverse effects of albuterol - answer paradoxical bronchospasm (if
used to much), nervousness, tremors, restlessness, palpitations, chest
pain.
Nursing consideration for albuterol - answer focused respiratory
assessment before administration. If patient presents with paradoxical
bronchospasm then discontinue immediately
medication classification for allopurinol - answer antigout,
antihyperuremics
indications for allopurinol - answer prevents gouty arthritis and
nephropathy. Can also treat secondary hyperuricemia during leukemia or
treatment of tumors
mechanism of action for allopurinol - answer inhibits the production of uric
acid by inhibiting the production of xanthine oxidase
Contraindications of allopurinol - answer acute cases of gout, renal
insufficiency, dehydration
side/adverse effects of allopurinol - answer rash, renal failure,
hypotension, hypertension, bradycardia, heart failure, drowsiness,
nausea, vomiting, hepatitis, diarrhea, hematuria, bone marrow depression
nursing considerations for allopurinol - answer discontinue at first sign of
rash.
monitor renal functions, blood glucose levels
, ensure proper renal function and hydration before administration.
Hydration promotes diuresis and alkalization of urine.
monitor for joint pain and swelling. May provide NSAIDS to prevent pain
during treatment.
Serum and urine uric levels should decrease 2-3 days after beginning oral
therapy.
Used mostly in patients with Renal impairment or if unresponsive to
uricosurics
indications for aminophylline - answer to treat or prevent constricted
airways in diseases like asthma or COPD
mechanism of action of aminophylline - answer relaxes muscles around
the bronchiole tube causing them to dilate and free up airway.
Nursing considerations for aminophylline - answer do not use on patients
who consume alot of xanthine through products like chocolate or caffeine.
Therapeutic range is 10-20 mcg/ml
given with other drugs
administration routes for aminophylline - answer oral, IV
contraindications for aminophylline - answer should not be given to
patients with renal, cardiac, liver, neurological disorders
side effects/adverse effects of aminophylline - answer disrhythmias,
palpitations, irritability, insomnia, tachycardia, cardiorespiratory collapse,
dizziness, flushing, GI distress, nausea, seizures, nervousness,
hypotension, hyperglycemia, intestinal bleeding
Indications for Amphetamine/ Adderal - answer increases wakefulness in
narcolepsy and attention span + cognition in Adhd
