WK1 NR565 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025
PharmacodynamicsM-MCORRECTMANSWERM-isMtheMstudyMofMhowMdrugsMaffectMtheMbody
pharmacokineticsM-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
isMtheMstudyMofMhowMtheMbodyMaffectsMtheMdrug.theMstudyMofMtheMwayMtheMbodyMdealsMwithMtheMabsor
ption,Mdistribution,Mmetabolism,MandMexcretionMofMdrugsMunderMinvestigationMexpressedMinMmathematic
alMterms.
Absorption:M-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
AbsorptionMisMtheMprocessMwherebyMaMsubstanceMenteringMtheMbodyMisMassimilatedMbyMit.MForMproperMp
harmacokineticsMstudy,MitMisMnecessaryMtoMknowMbothMtheMrateMandMtheMextentMtoMwhichMtheMactiveMsu
bstanceMorMtherapeuticMmoietyMareMabsorbed.MTheyMincludeMsubstancesMintendedMtoMproduceM/MnotMpr
oduceMsystematicMeffects.
Distribution:M-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
DistributionMisMtheMdispersionMorMdisseminationMofMsubstancesMthroughoutMtheMfluidsMandMtissuesMofMth
eMbody.
Metabolism:M-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
MetabolismMisMtheMprocessMwherebyMaMsubstanceMisMirreversiblyMtransformedMintoMmetabolites.
Excretion:M-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
SweatMExcretionMisMtheMeliminationMofMtheMsubstanceMfromMtheMbody.MInMrareMcases,MnotMallMsubstances
MareMeliminated;MsomeMdrugsMirreversiblyMaccumulateMinMaMtissueMinMtheMbody.
AgonistM-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
AMdrugMthatMbindsMtoMandMactivatesMaMreceptor.MCanMbeMfull,MpartialMorMinverse.MAMfullMagonistMhasMhigh
Mefficacy,MproducingMaMfullMresponseMwhileMoccupyingMaMrelativelyMlowMproportionMofMreceptors.MAMparti
alMagonistMhasMlowerMefficacyMthanMaMfullMagonist.MItMproducesMsub-
maximalMactivationMevenMwhenMoccupyingMtheMtotalMreceptorMpopulation,MthereforeMcannotMproduceMt
heMmaximalMresponse,MirrespectiveMofMtheMconcentrationMapplied.MAnMinverseMagonistMproducesManMeffe
ctMoppositeMtoMthatMofManMagonist,MyetMitMbindsMtoMtheMsameMreceptorMbinding-siteMasManMagonist.
, AntagonistM-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
AMdrugMthatMattenuatesMtheMeffectMofManMagonist.MCanMbeMcompetitiveMorMnon-
competitive,MeachMofMwhichMcanMbeMreversibleMorMirreversible.MAMcompetitiveMantagonistMbindsMtoMtheM
sameMsiteMasMtheMagonistMbutMdoesMnotMactivateMit,MthusMblocksMtheMagonist'sMaction.MAMnon-
competitiveMantagonistMbindsMtoManMallostericM(non-
agonist)MsiteMonMtheMreceptorMtoMpreventMactivationMofMtheMreceptor.MAMreversibleMantagonistMbindsMno
n-
covalentlyMtoMtheMreceptor,MthereforeMcanMbeM"washedMout".MAnMirreversibleMantagonistMbindsMcovalent
lyMtoMtheMreceptorMandMcannotMbeMdisplacedMbyMeitherMcompetingMligandsMorMwashing.
BMaxM-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
TheMmaximumMamountMofMdrugMorMradioligand,MusuallyMexpressedMasMpicomolesM(pM)MperMmgMprotein,
MwhichMcanMbindMspecificallyMtoMtheMreceptorsMinMaMmembraneMpreparation.MCanMbeMusedMtoMmeasureM
theMdensityMofMtheMreceptorMsiteMinMaMparticularMpreparation.
DesensitizationM-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
AMreductionMinMresponseMtoManMagonistMwhileMitMisMcontinuouslyMpresentMatMtheMreceptor,MorMprogressiv
eMdecreaseMinMresponseMuponMrepeatedMexposureMtoManMagonist.
DurationMofMActionM-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
TheMdurationMofMactionMofMaMdrugMisMtheMlengthMofMtimeMthatMparticularMdrugMisMeffective.MDurationMofM
actionMisMaMfunctionMofMseveralMparametersMincludingMplasmaMhalf-
life,MtheMtimeMtoMequilibrateMbetweenMplasmaMandMtargetMcompartments,MandMtheMoffMrateMofMtheMdrug
MfromMitsMbiologicalMtarget.
EfficacyM-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
DescribesMtheMwayMthatMagonistsMvaryMinMtheMresponseMtheyMproduceMwhenMtheyMoccupyMtheMsameMnu
mberMofMreceptors.MHighMefficacyMagonistsMproduceMtheirMmaximalMresponseMwhileMoccupyingMaMrelativ
elyMlowMproportionMofMtheMtotalMreceptorMpopulation.MLowerMefficacyMagonistsMdoMnotMactivateMrecepto
rsMtoMtheMsameMdegreeMandMmayMnotMbeMableMtoMproduceMtheMmaximalMresponse.
Half-lifeM-MCORRECTMANSWERM-Half-
lifeM(t½)MisManMimportantMpharmacokineticMmeasurement.MTheMmetabolicMhalf-
lifeMofMaMdrugMinMvivoMisMtheMtimeMtakenMforMitsMconcentrationMinMplasmaMtoMdeclineMtoMhalfMitsMoriginal
Mlevel.MHalf-
lifeMrefersMtoMtheMdurationMofMactionMofMaMdrugMandMdependsMuponMhowMquicklyMtheMdrugMisMeliminate
dMfromMtheMplasma.MTheMclearanceMandMdistributionMofMaMdrugMfromMtheMplasmaMareMthereforeMimport
antMparametersMforMtheMdeterminationMofMitsMhalf-life.
ANSWERS 2025
PharmacodynamicsM-MCORRECTMANSWERM-isMtheMstudyMofMhowMdrugsMaffectMtheMbody
pharmacokineticsM-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
isMtheMstudyMofMhowMtheMbodyMaffectsMtheMdrug.theMstudyMofMtheMwayMtheMbodyMdealsMwithMtheMabsor
ption,Mdistribution,Mmetabolism,MandMexcretionMofMdrugsMunderMinvestigationMexpressedMinMmathematic
alMterms.
Absorption:M-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
AbsorptionMisMtheMprocessMwherebyMaMsubstanceMenteringMtheMbodyMisMassimilatedMbyMit.MForMproperMp
harmacokineticsMstudy,MitMisMnecessaryMtoMknowMbothMtheMrateMandMtheMextentMtoMwhichMtheMactiveMsu
bstanceMorMtherapeuticMmoietyMareMabsorbed.MTheyMincludeMsubstancesMintendedMtoMproduceM/MnotMpr
oduceMsystematicMeffects.
Distribution:M-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
DistributionMisMtheMdispersionMorMdisseminationMofMsubstancesMthroughoutMtheMfluidsMandMtissuesMofMth
eMbody.
Metabolism:M-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
MetabolismMisMtheMprocessMwherebyMaMsubstanceMisMirreversiblyMtransformedMintoMmetabolites.
Excretion:M-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
SweatMExcretionMisMtheMeliminationMofMtheMsubstanceMfromMtheMbody.MInMrareMcases,MnotMallMsubstances
MareMeliminated;MsomeMdrugsMirreversiblyMaccumulateMinMaMtissueMinMtheMbody.
AgonistM-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
AMdrugMthatMbindsMtoMandMactivatesMaMreceptor.MCanMbeMfull,MpartialMorMinverse.MAMfullMagonistMhasMhigh
Mefficacy,MproducingMaMfullMresponseMwhileMoccupyingMaMrelativelyMlowMproportionMofMreceptors.MAMparti
alMagonistMhasMlowerMefficacyMthanMaMfullMagonist.MItMproducesMsub-
maximalMactivationMevenMwhenMoccupyingMtheMtotalMreceptorMpopulation,MthereforeMcannotMproduceMt
heMmaximalMresponse,MirrespectiveMofMtheMconcentrationMapplied.MAnMinverseMagonistMproducesManMeffe
ctMoppositeMtoMthatMofManMagonist,MyetMitMbindsMtoMtheMsameMreceptorMbinding-siteMasManMagonist.
, AntagonistM-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
AMdrugMthatMattenuatesMtheMeffectMofManMagonist.MCanMbeMcompetitiveMorMnon-
competitive,MeachMofMwhichMcanMbeMreversibleMorMirreversible.MAMcompetitiveMantagonistMbindsMtoMtheM
sameMsiteMasMtheMagonistMbutMdoesMnotMactivateMit,MthusMblocksMtheMagonist'sMaction.MAMnon-
competitiveMantagonistMbindsMtoManMallostericM(non-
agonist)MsiteMonMtheMreceptorMtoMpreventMactivationMofMtheMreceptor.MAMreversibleMantagonistMbindsMno
n-
covalentlyMtoMtheMreceptor,MthereforeMcanMbeM"washedMout".MAnMirreversibleMantagonistMbindsMcovalent
lyMtoMtheMreceptorMandMcannotMbeMdisplacedMbyMeitherMcompetingMligandsMorMwashing.
BMaxM-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
TheMmaximumMamountMofMdrugMorMradioligand,MusuallyMexpressedMasMpicomolesM(pM)MperMmgMprotein,
MwhichMcanMbindMspecificallyMtoMtheMreceptorsMinMaMmembraneMpreparation.MCanMbeMusedMtoMmeasureM
theMdensityMofMtheMreceptorMsiteMinMaMparticularMpreparation.
DesensitizationM-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
AMreductionMinMresponseMtoManMagonistMwhileMitMisMcontinuouslyMpresentMatMtheMreceptor,MorMprogressiv
eMdecreaseMinMresponseMuponMrepeatedMexposureMtoManMagonist.
DurationMofMActionM-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
TheMdurationMofMactionMofMaMdrugMisMtheMlengthMofMtimeMthatMparticularMdrugMisMeffective.MDurationMofM
actionMisMaMfunctionMofMseveralMparametersMincludingMplasmaMhalf-
life,MtheMtimeMtoMequilibrateMbetweenMplasmaMandMtargetMcompartments,MandMtheMoffMrateMofMtheMdrug
MfromMitsMbiologicalMtarget.
EfficacyM-MCORRECTMANSWERM-
DescribesMtheMwayMthatMagonistsMvaryMinMtheMresponseMtheyMproduceMwhenMtheyMoccupyMtheMsameMnu
mberMofMreceptors.MHighMefficacyMagonistsMproduceMtheirMmaximalMresponseMwhileMoccupyingMaMrelativ
elyMlowMproportionMofMtheMtotalMreceptorMpopulation.MLowerMefficacyMagonistsMdoMnotMactivateMrecepto
rsMtoMtheMsameMdegreeMandMmayMnotMbeMableMtoMproduceMtheMmaximalMresponse.
Half-lifeM-MCORRECTMANSWERM-Half-
lifeM(t½)MisManMimportantMpharmacokineticMmeasurement.MTheMmetabolicMhalf-
lifeMofMaMdrugMinMvivoMisMtheMtimeMtakenMforMitsMconcentrationMinMplasmaMtoMdeclineMtoMhalfMitsMoriginal
Mlevel.MHalf-
lifeMrefersMtoMtheMdurationMofMactionMofMaMdrugMandMdependsMuponMhowMquicklyMtheMdrugMisMeliminate
dMfromMtheMplasma.MTheMclearanceMandMdistributionMofMaMdrugMfromMtheMplasmaMareMthereforeMimport
antMparametersMforMtheMdeterminationMofMitsMhalf-life.
